Sharon Olds And Linda Pastan - 2004 Words

Sharon Olds and Linda Pastan are renowned post-modernistic poets who aptly portray domestic life based on their perceived ideas of women in the home and personal family experiences. Sharon Olds refuses to give details about her personal life, but her poems appear to be autobiographical in nature (Encyclopedia of Women’s Autobiography credoreference.com). In this week’s poems Sharon Olds explores motherhood (herself and her mother), sexuality, and a not so fond memory of her father. Olds’ references to motherhood in the poems, this week would lead the reader to feel that she had a fair relationship with her mother, which translated to her having a meaningful relationship with her children. Linda Pastan is an accomplished poet who†¦show more content†¦The narrator then goes on to describe how she views the daughter as being the second great arrival within the household. Even though the daughter was the second â€Å"great arrival† in her househo ld (the husband was the first), the narrator goes into great depth of how she slept, nursed, and grew up all in a blur, thus leading the reader to believe that even though she was second, she was always first to the narrator. At the end of the poem, the narrator compares the coming and eventual going of her daughter with bees that she caught when she was young. The bee will fly freely until caught, while in captivity it will sing its song, but when released will continue to fly away (Olds poetry foundation.org). This verse is a reference to her daughter coming home and eventually leaving. The theme behind Old’s poem is that of the narrator’s intense love for her daughter, and probably relates to the old adage â€Å"if you love something set it free, and it will come back again.† Linda Pastan’s poem â€Å"I am Learning to Abandon the World† has a similar setting of being in the home, but the themes are different. The reader could interpret the overall theme of the poem is Pastan’s inability to sleep well. Why is the author not sleeping well? â€Å"[T]he world has taken my father, my friends† would lead the reader to believe that the author is coping with the death ofShow MoreRelatedPost Modernism And Its Influence On Society1699 Words   |  7 Pagesreally feeling a backlash from what everyone else thought. Two female writers who were able to freely express themselves in their writing during post-modernism were Linda Pastan and Sharon Olds. Linda Pastan talked more about her life in general like every day anxieties, her marriage, parenting, and even grief. However, Sharon Olds was a little more controversial in her writing since she often talked about sexuality and violence. Their writing styles were similar in the aspect that they both

Essay on Understanding Persons with Intellectual...

It is important to understand the terms that are associated with intellectual disabilities. The first term is disability. Disability is an individual performing which includes physical, sensory, cognitive, intellectual mental illness impairments, and various types of chronic diseases. The next term involves intelligence. This term is the ability to think logically, reason out problems, prepare, understand difficult ideas, examine intellectually, and the ability to determine quickly and or acquire from experience. Third term is adaptive behavior. Adaptive behavior is the collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that all individuals learn in order to perform in their everyday lives. An example of conceptual skills is†¦show more content†¦This can include the daily, social, and physical skills of an individual. However, this disability is noticeable before the age of 18 in most individuals. In intellectual disabled individuals the characteristics reveals th at this disability is shown at birth and or shortly after. Therefore, these individuals have significant damage to their central nervous system, multiple disabilities, and or health conditions (Heward, 2009). However, the damage affects how the individual learn academic information. Also the intellectual functioning in individuals with intellectual disability have an IQ of 70 or below which is obtained by standardize testing or a batteries of tests. Therefore the main causes of intellectual disability are Down syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and fragile x syndrome. Therefore, these causes can be categorized as genetic conditions, problems during pregnancy, problems at birth, problems after birth, and poverty and cultural deprivation. Genetic conditions can pertain to disorders of genes that were caused during pregnancy by infections. Problem during pregnancy is when illnesses of the mother during pregnancy occurred due to toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, rubella and syphilis. The problem at birth can be caused by prematurity and low birth weight. Problems after birth can be a result of lead, mercury and other environmental toxins. Poverty and cultural deprivation is a result of childhoodShow MoreRelatedIntellectual Disabilities And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1493 Words   |  6 PagesGood evening Dr. Joseph and fellow colleagues, I am Samantha and this is Kezia and we will like to share with you for a few minutes our findings in relation to intellectual disabilities and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Our presentation this evening will be in the form of audio-visual. These topics are very broad topics, but due to limitations of time we would only be able to cover a few points in that space of time. We will try to make it as interesting and informative as possible, butRead MoreMental Disabilities : Struggling With Loss And Grief870 Words   |  4 PagesDoka, K. J. Individuals with intellectual disabilities: Struggling with loss and grief. In RESCARE NZ. Retrieved from http://www.rescarenz.org.nz/Publications%20%20Papers/ciwid.pdf In his article Dr. Doka addresses the reasons that persons with ID need counseling, and how to better support them during times of grieving. He explains there are several reasons for improved bonding in the disabled community. These include a longer lifespan, and better community activities in group homes. He pointsRead MoreIntellectual Disabilities Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesPersons with Intellectual Disabilities or Intellectually Disabled Persons: Which is the Classifying Entity? As I write this, sitting in a solitaire corner of the library, Im gently enclosing in my hand a simple rubber bracelet. My inspiration. Not the famous, bright yellow LiveStrong ones that Neil Armstrong once yielded, but a modest black band with contrasting white letters simply stating I See You. This statement may seem unpretentious and bland, maybe even comical to some, but it has a sincereRead MoreSpeaking About Sexual Practices With Others917 Words   |  4 PagesSpeaking about sexual practices with others can be an uncomfortable situation. If an individual has a disability, this conversation can be even more challenging. In fact, most of the population believe that those who have a disability not only should not have sex; that they simply are unable. This belief is false. It is crucial for the general population to understand that those with disabilities are just as capable of engaging in intimate acts with their loved ones as those who were born withoutRead MoreWhat s Eating G ilbert Grape?884 Words   |  4 Pagesplays Arnie Grape, a teenager with an intellectual disability. DiCaprio’s well-planned performance creates a believably realistic portrait of life for someone with autism and intellectual disability, showing the character’s own behaviors as well as reactions by family and community members. Arnie Grape exhibits many of the behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder as well as intellectual disability in a more general sense. Intellectual disabilities may impact a person’s cognitive functionsRead MoreThe American Association Of Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pages People with disabilities may be restricted from participating in events in society because of their functional disabilities. Environmental and personal factors also play a role in affecting people’s lives (CDC, 2014). According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2009): An individual with a disability is defined by the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) as a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, a person who has a historyRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Sam Dawson from the Film, I Am Sam1669 Words   |  7 Pageswho is a homeless person. There is not extensive information provided in the film regarding Sams upbringing, but based on his present situation, he is a well adjusted person in a middle class atmosphere. It seems he has enough assets to provide for himself and his daughter in a fairly independent basis. His daughter, Lucy, is happy and taken care of, but the tension begins when Lucy exceeds Sams mental capacity. Her peers ridicule her and her father because of his intellectual deficiencies, callingRead MoreNeeds of Diverse Students1384 Words   |  6 Pagesproviding for special needs children is essential to special education. Once a child has been diagnosis with a dis ability or multiple disabilities, a plan of care is initiated according to the severity of their condition and their needs. This plan is individualized; one child’s diagnosis is not a reflection of the wide range conditions that affect many children. Intellectual disabilities can be mild to profound, can be caused by different factors and can have a different impact on a student’s educationRead MoreEssay about Forest gump1423 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Forrest Gump is a film that portrays the life of a man who has borderline intellectual functioning, from when he was young, all through his adulthood. Forrest was the victim of ongoing bullying and abuse from the mean-spirited children in his area. The movie shows the challenges he faced and how he overcame them, some with luck, but others with his ability; despite the fact that he has an IQ of 75. The story plays off in a series of decades in the life of Forrest Gump, a slow-witted yet athleticallyRead MoreThe Importance Of Providing Better Assessments For Adults With Disabilities1559 Words   |  7 Pagesinteractions, the basic unit of society. This research will focus on the importance of providing better assessments for Adults with Disabilities, before placing them into a specific housing setting, without undermining their independence level. In 1998, Wehmeyer and Bolding published a research article that focused on the enhancement of self-determination of adults with disabilities after they lived or worked in community-based environments. This research specifically focused on the intellectually disabled

In The Article, “Yay, ItS Time For My Performance Review!

In the article, â€Å"Yay, It s Time for My Performance Review! (Said No One Ever),† the question is whether the historical annual performance review is effective. Many major companies, such as General Electric, have done away with the annual reviews because they are only done once a year, they fail to understand an employee’s view/ideas and the review do not give qualitative feedback (Alabama Public Radio, 2016). Furthermore, the annual review affects employees mental state. The concern of if supervisory like them or if they have done something wrong becomes more important to an employee than their actual performance outcome. This alone can cause employees to feel inadequate and look for another job. With more agencies moving†¦show more content†¦One reason, was it took an entire year to receive feedback from management on their competency and how effective they were on the job. An employee whose an over achiever and always manages to go above average, would b e looking for only positive evaluation assessments after a year. When informed of negative responses or areas of improvement, this leaves an employee in surprise and confused. Also, the employees were not provided any feedback/ recommendations as it related to their performance. Someone who’s a top performer rely on feedback and constructive criticism to help them stay on top. Moreover, the article expresses how major companies such as Accenture, Adobe Systems Inc., Deloitte, IBM Corp., Microsoft Corp., have removed the traditional performance evaluation to grow to be the successful business they are today. One main reason is that performance is an ongoing process (Workforce News, 2016). In today’s job market, it is very important that employees can decide if they are productive to their company as well as noticing the areas where they can improve. This is where continuous feedback can allow them and change their mindset as it relates to their function and purpose within a company. Uniquely, the video â€Å"How to Create a Performance Appraisal Form,† assist with necessary steps on how to build a performance appraisal including the essential eliminates needed to build an impressive performance management tool (YouTube, 2016). The videoShow MoreRelatedOpportunities and Barriers of Social Media Marketing5470 Words   |  22 Pagesabbreviationsi List of figures and tablesii 1.Introduction1 1.1 Problem Definition and Objective1 1.2 Course of Investigation1 2. Theoretical Foundations2 2.1 Social Network Theory2 2.1.1 The Strength of Weak Ties2 2.2 Web 2.03 2.2.1 Historical Review of the Internet3 2.2.2 Definition Social Media Marketing4 3. Why Social Media Marketing is Important5 3.1 Changed Internet User’s Behavior5 3.2 Reference to Social Network Theory5 3.3 The Decline of Traditional Marketing6 3.4 Increased Significance

The Traumitized Life of Holden - 1747 Words

Psychoanalysis is a method of analyzing the mind and helping emotional and mental disorders by inspecting the unconscious mind. According to Jacques Lacan, a psychiatrist, â€Å"Human behavior is often something of puzzle, requiring concerted acts of investigation to discover root causes and multiple effects† (105). Holden Caufield in the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, is a perplexed adolescent that is living in misery and agony from the past. From a psychoanalytical perspective, readers can understand Holden’s behavior throughout the novel as a troubled teenager trying to avoid growing up and demonstrates reckless actions like consuming alcohol, immature relationships with women, not committing to school and silly fantasy†¦show more content†¦The unconscious is a place where a person holds all of their memories, thoughts, and feelings. Freud claims, â€Å"beneath the conscious lies the powerful dimensions of the unconscious, the warehouse from which our active cognitive state and behavior are dictated† (Freud 95). Holden’s unconscious stores the painful loss of his brother Allie to leukemia, when he was thirteen years old. Allie’s death has stirred up bizarre mood fluctuations that have molded Holden into a rebellious adolescent. Holden tells readers about his experience when he lost Allie, he briefly states â€Å"I was only thirteen, and they were going to have me psychoanalyzed and all, because I broke all the windows in the garage† (Salinger 38). Holden’s psyche has become so compromised with the complexities of dealing with his brother’s death that he too is broken. It is obvious that Allie’s death has taken a negative toll on Holdens direction of growing up. Holden grows with misery in his private world filled with depression and loneliness. The unconscious state unravels the psychological conflicts of the author’s life to works of fiction through the character. Examining Salinger’s life, it is obvious he has had traumatizing experiences similar to Holden’s. Salinger was drafted into the army in 1942 when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. After the war ended, Salinger returned home and suffered a nervous breakdown and was briefly hospitalized. Salinger’s breakdown is similar

Business Law for Consumer Protection Law - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Law for Consumer Protection Law. Answer: Introduction This write up shall examine various aspects of the law; inter alia, the law of contracts and the application of various principles in the law of contracts. Using the case scenarios presented, the writer shall discuss the principle of formation of a contract and more particularly the aspect of instantaneous communication of acceptance and liability in case of breach. Further, the common law position of the subject of exclusivity clauses which tend to exclude the liability of the service provider or trader shall be discussed and the principles applicability shall be evaluated pursuant to the provisions of the Consumer Protection Law of Australia. Finally, the Australian law on competition and consumer protection shall be analyzed to extrapolate the various protections afforded to consumers under the law with regards to protection against unconscionable conduct and unfair contract terms and also the subject of misrepresentations as regards the origin of goods. This case scenario represents parties during the initial stages of contract formations engaging in negotiations through various modes of communication. Unfortunately, the parties different preferences of different modes of communication lead to a major miscommunication that occasions the failure of forming a contract. The issue arising therefrom is whether there was in fact a contract in existence which could then entitle Brenda to Steven for breach of contract. More particularly, it is important to determine whether the acceptance was communicated properly. Assuming that all the other requirements for a formally valid contract were in existence, it is necessary to determine whether the very basic requirements[1] for the formation of a contract had been fulfilled i.e. offer and acceptance. Quilter (2014) writes that a contract is concluded where one party makes (offeror) an offer to do or provide something and the other party (offeree) accepts the offer unconditionally and communicates that acceptance to the offeror.[2] By stating that the fabric was available to be delivered by 12 March and specifying the price at which he would sell it, Steve had made the offer to Brenda which had to be accepted before a binding contract could actually be formed. In the letter of offer, Steve had specified the favored mode of communicating the acceptance but Brenda opted to respond using a different mode of communication. Clarke (2016) has written about communication of acceptance. She propounds that the communication of the acceptance must be received by the offeror for the agreement to be effective. In this regard, there are instantaneous and non-instantaneous modes of communication.[3] If the offeree communicates the acceptance via instantaneous mode, such as an email, then the communication is deemed to have been received even if it is not read by the offeror.[4] In that case, the contract is deemed to have been formed and binding and in case of a breach, the offeree can sue the offeror for compensation. Having sent the email to Steven, then Brenda could have successfully brought an action against Steven for breach of contract. However, for the case at hand, Steven clearly and unequivocally specified that the acceptance was to be made by return express courier. In the case of Manchester Diocesan Council for Education -vs- Commercial General Investments Ltd,[5] the Plaintiff called for tenders for its property, stating that acceptance would be notified by postage of a letter in the address given by the tenderer. The Plaintiff sent an acceptance letter to the Defendants solicitor which was not the address given by the Defendant. Given that the Defendant knew of the acceptance, it was held that the prescribed mode of communicating the acceptance was not mandatory because the offeror was made aware by an equally effective method. From the above, it is therefore important to determine whether the communication was received or whether Steven was aware of the acceptance. Steven has stated that he had never received Brendas email though he had checked his email inbox daily. The Electronic Transactions Act, 1999, provides that an electronic communication is deemed to have been received at the time when the communication becomes capable of being retrieved by the addressee.[6] Considering that Steven never received the communication and that he had specified the mode of communication, thee only logical conclusion is that there was no contract and therefore Brenda cannot successfully maintain an action against him for breach of contract. On the other hand, if the circumstances could have allowed Brenda to successfully maintain an action against Steve, the remedies available would be damages.[7] From the facts of the case scenario herein, it is clear that Giovanni was not able to read or interpret the meaning of the particular clause of the authorization. Even QRZ Motors tow truck driver did not bother to explain the meaning of the particular term of the authorization. As a result, Giovanni signed the authorization without understanding the meaning and consequences attached thereto. Be that as it may, QRZ Motors seeks to rely on the clause to vindicate itself from liability for the damage sustained by Giovannis car as a result of a fire caused by the negligence of one of the companys mechanics. The issue arising is whether QRZ Motors can successfully rely on the exclusion clause and thereby exonerate itself from liability. Quilter (2014) rightly states that the law of contracts as it exists today is a by-product of common law which has been developed overtime through precedents as opposed to legislation.[8] In his book, Quilter discusses the doctrine of exclusivity clauses. He propounds that these clauses are most often employed to shelter the Exclusivity clauses exist in documents that are either signed or unsigned. If the clause is in an unsigned document, the service provider seeking to rely on the clause must prove that the existence of the clause was brought to the attention of the consumer. On the other hand, if the clause is contained in a signed document, then it forms part of the contact and it becomes binding on both parties.[10] Therefore, from the point of view extrapolated above, and without giving regards to any other legal view, it could then mean that QRZ Motors can successfully avoid liability for the damage caused to Giovannis car given the fact that the authorization was signed. However, referring to the Competition and Consumer Protection Act it is expressly stated therein that any person it trade must not engage in unconscionable conduct while trading or offering services to another (a consumer).[11] Further, the Act gives the Courts unfettered powers to take into consideration various matters in determining whether a trader has engaged in unconscionable conduct.[12] These include, inter alia, the bargaining power or position of the supplier/trader and the consumer and whether the customer was able to understand any documents relating to the supply of services.[13] In addition, the Act makes provisions for unfair contract terms and among them are terms that are not transparent and those that tend to limit the liability of the supplier.[14] From the foregoing, the conclusion to be drawn is that under common law, QRZ Motors is only required to prove that the exclusivity clause was brought to the customers attention or is contained in a signed document. However, under consumer law, QRZ Motors will not evade liability because the term is considered unfair and in addition, QRZ Motors conduct will be termed as unconscionable. In this case scenario, it has been revealed how Gary made a misleading statement that the bicycles sold by BikeHike Ltd are manufactured in Australia and they meet the set standards of the regulatory body. The reality, however, is that they are imported from China. The issue emanating is whether ToughMount can bring an action against Gary for the publicized misrepresentation and further, whether BikeHike can be held liable for Garys actions. Various provisions of the Competition and Consumer Protection Act outlaw the engagement of persons in trade in misleading and deceptive conduct.[15] Under section 29 (1) (k), it is illegal to make a false or a misleading representation that particular goods are of a particular origin when in reality the goods are from a different origin. Further, Part 5-3 of the Act makes particular rules that address the issue of representations as to origin of goods which must be abided by strictly. The case of ACCC -vs- Marksun Australia Pty Ltd[16] is one such similar case wherein goods made in China were misrepresented as having been manufactured in Australia. In holding the Defendant liable, the judge stated that such a misrepresentation not only harms buyers but also impacts honest traders and further impacts the reliability and value of the goods actually made in Australia. As per the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, any person claiming a trader has misrepresented the origin of the goods can take action to court for breach of the ACL.[17] Therefore, it is conclusive that ToughHike has a right of action against Gary under the ACL. Whether BikeHike can be vicariously liable for Garys actions depends on various factors inter alia whether Gary had the authority to act for the company. An employer can be vicariously liable for acts of an employee under the principles of agency law.[18] BikeHike Ltd being a company, it is governed by the Corporations Act, 2001. Under section 190, directors are held responsible for the actions of their subordinates.[19] This is so because in companies, it is directors who are regarded as agents of the company. Therefore, BikeHike will not be liable for Garys actions because the misleading information was published without the consent or authority of the Marketing Manager. Conclusion From the foregoing, the conclusion to be drawn is that an acceptance of an offer must be unequivocally and unconditionally communicated to the offeror. Further, the communication must be received by the offeror or the offeror must have knowledge of the acceptance for the contract to be formulated. If a specific mode of communication is expressed, then, for convenience, it is necessary to use that mode; otherwise, the courts may not necessarily hold that the contract was not formed if it is proved that the offeror received the communication of the acceptance. On exclusivity clauses, the position of the law is that the same must be disclosed to the consumer/customer for it to be binding. Otherwise, under the Competition and Consumer Protection, failure to fully disclose the consequences of exclusivity clauses will be considered unconscionable conduct for which the customer will be remedied. Finally, misrepresentations as regards to the origin of the goods is illegal and such misrepresentations not only harm buyers but also impacts honest traders and further impacts the reliability and value of the goods actually made in Australia. References Electronic Transactions Act, 1999 (cth) Competition and Consumer Protection Act (2010) (cth). Corporations Act (2001) (cth). ACCC -vs- Marksun Australia Pty Ltd (2011) FCA 695 Council for Education -vs- Commercial General Investments Ltd [1970] 1 WLR 241; [1969] 3 All ER 1593 Quilter, M. (2014) The Law Handbook YOUR PRACTICAL GUIDE TO THE LAW IN NEW SOUTH WALES. [online] Thomson Reuters. Available at: https://www.legalanswers.sl.nsw.gov.au/guides/law_handbook/pdf/Ch12_contracts.pdf [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016] A Guide to Business Law (2015) 21st ed. [e-book] Available at: https://legal.thomsonreuters.com.au/product/AU/files/720506676/chapter_summary_21e___ch_5.pdf [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016] Australiancontractlaw.com (2016). Australian Contract Law | Julie Clarke. [online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-agreement.html [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016] Australiancontractlaw.com (2016). Australian Contract Law | Julie Clarke. [online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/remedies.html [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (2014). Country of origin claims and the Australian Consumer Law - Blatant misleading and deceptive conduct. [online] Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/publications/country-of-origin-claims-the-australian-consumer-law/country-of-origin-claims-and-the-australian-consumer-law/labelling-issues/blatant-misleading-and-deceptive-conduct [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016] Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.cbs.sa.gov.au/assets/files/business_practices_guide.pdf [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/GPGB_vicarious_liability.pdf [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016].

Literature Review Change Management

Question: Discuss about theLiterature Review for Change Management. Answer: The article for this literature review is A change management process: Grounded in both theory and practice. In this article, authors discussed the three change management models of Kotters change management model, Jicks ten-step change model, and General Electric seven-step change management model. In this article, authors introduces a framework that draws from these three theoretical models but is also grounded in the reality of the change process at a Fortune 500 defense industry firm (Mento, Jones Dirndorfer, 2002). To complete the article, authors used the secondary research methods. Authors did a thorough literature review to study the change management process used in organizations. In the article, authors highlighted that implies that until an organization solidifies its identity, the idea of change and how the company adapts cannot be addressed. In essence, until a company understands who they are, what area of focus they are perusing, the thought of an open concept cannot be applied. If it is applied too soon then, the company opens itself up to an identity crisis trying to appease the thoughts and opinions of the environment. Then the questions that would arise are how long can this type of behavior on the part of the organization be sustainable. Valentinov and Chatalova (2014), implies that there is a correlation between self-regulation and social costs that can be associated with open theory. While the social aspect is important for open theory, it pays to have organizations review and regulate them prior to opening themselves up to everyone elses opinions. For example, internal feedback forms are submitted to everyone in our company to get a feel for how the company is doing and what can be improved on. The general notion is that employees are customers as well and will often be the first to rate a product. Kotter provided and integrative model of organizational dynamics that could be used as a framework to change management. The Kotter model suggests that in order for an organization progressing through different developmental stages and experience growth over multiple levels of the company, they must be able to confirm to internal and external rules. Therefore, the most significant characteristic of an organization during the organizational life cycle is their ability to adapt. Levie and Lichtenstein (2010) insinuate, life cycles are different for each company and the mindset has to be for the company to grow in order to be able to advance to the next stage in the life cycle, if growth is the measure used to determine progression. If the market is changing then organizations must leverage internal demands with external demands, which ultimately affect the organizations ability to produce, and leads to effective measurement in the organizations life cycle. Although adaptability is not listed as one of the characteristics described by Daft (2015, p. 355), the undertone still indicates that as organizations progress through each stage, they must adapt to the market or risk going out of business. In the article, authors argued, A central matter in the different organizational life cycle models is that the firms prevalent problems change throughout the different stages (p. 13). This is a good indication that the organization is moving from one life cycle stage to another. For example, if an organization begins to prioritize stability over growth, this may indicate that it is transitioning into the next life cycle. The characteristic of an organization thats important in the lifecycle is adapting to the changes and opportunities (DavidaviÄ ienÄ—, 2008). An organization should be able to see and seize any good opportunity so that it can effectively grow from one step to the other. This can also help the organization slow down the organization decline phase. This will help the organization stay in line with the industrial change. Adapting to changes helps the organization stay in business and ensure that each and every phase of the business is properly achieved. Therefore, identifying and seizing opportunities and changes are important. An organization may know that it has moved from one cycle to the other when the organization starts to demand some changes (Anderson, 2010). For example, when an organization starts to demand more resources, such as the human resource, indicates that the organization has moved from the start-up phase to growth phase. Therefore, changes that happen in the organization can be used to indicate a move from one lifecycle to the other. Authors concluded that Change is inevitable, and stagnant organizations will eventually fail. Management must be able to assess their company to determine if goals are being realized or if they are falling short. If they are falling short, they must be able to admit to the weaknesses and do what is necessary to fix them. This is where many organizations have problems because they dont like change or they firmly believe what they are already doing should be enough to accomplish their vision (Armenakis, 2007). Its essential to monitor the organizational environment to determine what changes are necessary. Clues can come from stakeholders internally and externally as well as fluctuations in the economic and political climate. Companies that are several decades or even hundreds of years old have stood the test of time only because they have changed with their environments (McCalman, 2008). They will continue to be successful as long as they continue to innovate and take advantage of oppo rtunities. The managers have a lot to learn from this article as in most of the cases the managers and the leaders of the organization has to act as the change agents in the organization (Stegmaier, 2009). It is important that the managers must understand that change is necessary but one must stick to their mission and goals and have expectation of resources while at the same time managing is the right path to success (Oakland Tanner, 2007). Too often organizations get too excited about a growth spurt and then over extend themselves. However, it is important that organizations should focus on the sustainable growth and development. It would add to the maturity of the change management process within the organization. The biggest strength of the article is the holistic view that authors have shown in the article. Authors referred to a large number of articles and the content is taken from the credible sources. In the article, authors have taken a structured approach to complete the research. The abstract of the article provides a good summary of the article. The article is an interesting article to read. This article would help the readers to gain a deep understanding of the topic of change management. The article does not have much of the weaknesses. However, one of the weaknesses of the article is the length of the article. The article is a pretty bug article and there is a chance of optimization. Authors could have completed the article in less number of pages. In some places, the article gets bit boring. However, this article is an interesting read. There are a lot of takeaways from this article. The learning from this article would help the managers and employees to implement the change in th e organization. It would help different stakeholders to understand different intricacies and issues of change management. Overall, it can be said that this article has a lot of learning to offer in spite of its weaknesses. The article can help the readers to get a holistic understanding of change management and intricacies involved in the change management process. References Anderson, D., Anderson, L. A. (2010).Beyond change management: How to achieve breakthrough results through conscious change leadership. John Wiley Sons. DavidaviÄ ienÄ—, V. (2008). Change management decisions in the information age.Journal of Business Economics and Management, (4), 299-307. Daft, R. L. (2015). Organization theory and design (12th ed.) Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Levie, J., Lichtenstein, B. B. (2010). A terminal assessment of stages theory: Introducing a dynamic states approach to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Theory Practice, 34(2), 317-350. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00377.x Mento, A., Jones, R., Dirndorfer, W. (2002). A change management process: Grounded in both theory and practice.Journal of Change Management,3(1), 45-59. Michaelis, B., Stegmaier, R., Sonntag, K. (2009). Affective commitment to change and innovation implementation behavior: The role of charismatic leadership and employees trust in top management.Journal of Change Management,9(4), 399-417. Paton, R. A., McCalman, J. (2008).Change management: A guide to effective implementation. Sage. Oakland, J. S., Tanner, S. (2007). Successful change management.Total Quality Management and Business Excellence,18(1-2), 1-19. Valentinov, V., Chatalova, L. (2014). Transaction Costs, Social Costs and Open Systems: Some Common Threads. Systems Research Behavioral Science, 31(2), 316-326. doi:10.1002/sres.2204 Walker, H. J., Armenakis, A. A., Bernerth, J. B. (2007). Factors influencing organizational change efforts: an integrative investigation of change content, context, process and individual differences.Journal of Organizational Change Management,20(6), 761-773.