The Treaty Of Versailles And Its Effect On The World

The Treaty of Versailles The role of a treaty is to serve as the compromise between parties involved in a particular debacle when they must decide on a solution that will ensure that said debacle does not result once more. If the treaty does not fulfill its necessary duties, it is considered ineffective. The Treaty of Versailles, while it was just in holding Germany accountable, was too harsh on the defeated powers and created unnecessary economic turmoil in Germany and most of Europe by imposing all too much on the nation and therefore was an ineffective treaty. The world at war in the years following 1914 constituted a profound contrast to the world in the years preceding the 1914 breakout of World War I. Between the years of 1870 and 1914, the European powers were gaining more prosperity, causing them to become envious of one another. Thus came the â€Å"Great War.† Sparked by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, this domino effect of allies pairing together defined the â€Å"World† aspect of this war. The allied powers of France, Britain, and eventually the United States and Italy, joined forces against Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey. The Allied forces would eventually be the negotiators behind the highly unjust peace treaty that was The Treaty of Versailles. As the first modern war, the newly invented weaponry and military machinery of World War I brought horrific turmoil upon Europe. This newly introduced modern warfareShow MoreRelatedThe Treaty Of Versailles And Its Effect On The World War I Essay2857 Words   |  12 PagesIn order to pay for the huge costs of the First World War, Germany stopped the conversion of its currency into gold when the war broke out. Unlike France, which levied its first income tax to pay for the World War, the German Kaiser and Reichstag decided unopposed to fund the war completely by borrowing, a decision criticized by financial stalwarts like Hjalmar Schacht even before hyperinflation came into being. The result was the exchange rate of the Mark against the US dollar started falling steadilyRead MoreThe Treaty Of Versailles And Its Effect On The World War I1274 Words   |  6 PagesThe Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was a treaty signed between Germany and the Allies which consisted of Britain, France and America. The idea of the Treaty was to end World War one and Germany would be too weak to start another war. This meant that there would be peace throughout Europe for a long time but it was controversial at best. It was signed in the Versailles palace which was large enough for hundreds of people to be involved in the signing on 28th of June 1919. GermanyRead MoreTreaty of Versailles-Cause of World War Two969 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War one was brought to its official end with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. It was drawn up by the victors of the war, which included Great Britain, the United States, Italy, and France. The Big Four met in Versailles to compose a treaty that would hopefully bring about a peaceful end to the First World War- the first war of its kind. Germany, the main foe against the Allied Powers, and the loser of World War I, was not allowed to partake in the creation of the treaty. EvenRead MoreWas the Treaty of Versailles the Major Cause of World War Two? 1148 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War Two was the most devastating conflict in the history of humanity. It crippled many nations and caused millions of people to die. One of the major causes of this disastrous war was the Treaty of Versailles which ended the First World War. This treaty was destructive towards the Germans. Germany had to pay large amounts of reparations to the Allied nations at the end of World War One resulting in a Great Depression in Germany. Additionally, the Treaty of Versailles’ war guilt clause forcedRead MoreThe Treaty Of Versailles Ended World War I1708 Words   |  7 Pages The Second World War took approximately 50,000,000 to 60,000,000 lives (â€Å"World War II†). But this total does not include the millions not accounted for, many of them infants. The war had many causes, but the vast fault lay on a piece of writing from twenty years before the war even started. The Treaty of Versailles ended World War I but instigated the events that led up to World War II. Because the treaty of Versailles was so harsh on Germany, the effects of those terms allowed the Nazi partyRead MoreDid the Treaty of Versailles Promote Hitler to Power846 Words   |  4 PagesGreen, â€Å"The truth resists simplicity†. Assigning the blame of WWII to the Treaty of Versailles is far too simple of an explanation. The Treaty of Versailles, which ended WWI while sanctioning and punishing Germany, forced Germany to pay reparations. These reparations are said to have caused economic challenges in Germany, which allowed Hitler to take control on nationalist fervor. Thus, the story goes, that the Treaty of Versailles made Hitler’s rise to power, and his starting of WWII, inevitable. HoweverRead MoreWas World War II Inevitable?1042 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Was World War II Inevitable? For quite a number of reasons, World War II was largely inevitable. In this text, I will take into consideration some arguments that have been presented in the past in an attempt to demonstrate the inevitability of the Second World War. These arguments range from the creation of the Treaty of Versailles to the conditions imposed on Germany to nationalistic issues. Many historians consider Germans invasion into Poland the official commencement date of the Second WorldRead MoreThe International Agreement And The Treaty Of Versaille1353 Words   |  6 PagesThe International agreement, â€Å"The Treaty of Versaille† concluded the first World War, but was biased against Germany which may have sparked World War Two due to the reduction of military power and land, the overwhelming debt, and the unfairness of the treaty. After the war Germany was not a very popular country across the world to say the least, because of this some countries may want to seek revenge. It is unfair to the innocent people of Germany to have such a small form of protection against possibleRead MoreThe Fairness of the Treaty of Versailles Essay1001 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fairness of the Treaty of Versailles When assessing the fairness of the Treaty of Versailles it is necessary to consider the impact of the treaty, not only on Germany, but also on all the major powers involved in both the treaty and the First World War. In order to determine the fairness of the treaty it is important to, in Germanys case especially, consider the Treaty of Versailles in economic, military, territorial and colonial terms. There are also other countriesRead MoreSignificance Of The Treaty Of Versailles1514 Words   |  7 PagesMadison Welzbacher September 19, 2014 World History Significance of the Treaty of Versailles World War I was a devastating war that had a long-lasting effect on every European country. After the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian throne, and his wife by the hands of a Serbian terrorist group known as the Black Hand. Germany urged Austria-Hungary to attack Serbia, but Russia stepped up to protect the country. Germany ambushed Belgium, and proceeded to Russia, throwing Great

Women Of Ancient Greek Mythology Essay - 1535 Words

Gender inequality has been a controversial topic for numerous religions and cultures throughout history. Women were commonly regarded as the subservient gender, an idea that was no different in Ancient Greece. Throughout Greek mythology, women were considered inferior and troublesome symbols, while men were known for courage, leadership, and strength. While there is no argument of the flagrant sexism that is illustrated in Greek mythology, it can also be claimed that women were given a situated position of freedom, necessity, and power as well. Many popular Greek plays and myths contain several complexes and well described female characters. These goddesses themselves, partook the role of victim, heroine, and villain as it illustrated the diversity of characters in which women were portrayed and seen in both Ancient Greek society and mythology, allowing us to question â€Å"Were the women of Ancient Greek mythology equally represented as free and superior?† The creation of the Greek mythological universe, the creation of multi-gendered goddesses or deities, and the free and superior personalities accredited to women in Ancient Greek mythology to answer the question that women were fairly represented as powerful in Ancient Greek mythology. Because the Greek culture and places a large emphasis on heritage and history, including women with essential positions in creation myths, allowed them to prove their free and powerful status in Greek mythology. One essential characterShow MoreRelatedGreek Mythology And Its Impact On Modern Culture1055 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom Greek Mythology and has had a significant impact on our history and mythology helped shed light to it’s culture, religion, and government of ancient Greece. The Mediterranean has served as a vessel for the early civilizations., Greek mythology has influenced the life style and religion of the Greeks, especially because Greek mythology served as the primary basis of Greek belief, it became the nearest thing the Greeks had to a holy bible.1 These mythologies served as the center of Greek lifeRead More Equality Between Men and Women in Modern Society vs. Ancient Greek Society625 Words   |  3 PagesIn todays society, women hold a position equa l to that of a man. However, this has not always been the case especially in the Ancient Greek society. In the society there were many rules and regulations for all, but in particular the women had it the hardest. Women were seen as insignificant characters in the Ancient Greek society. While the men†¦.women attained the most difficult job of all, bearing children. These women in the society had very little freedom, actually no freedom at all. Can youRead MoreThe Myths Of Ancient Egypt And The Near East1554 Words   |  7 Pagesreflection of each of their respective cultures. The diverse eccentrics from the Greek, Egyptian and Near Eastern myths were all described with characteristics and actions that would reflect their respective cultures. Myths include the mythologies from ancient Egypt, the Near East the Greeks. In Greek culture, a reflection of the quo s of society can be seen in the heroes of their myths. Ian Plant in Myth in the Ancient World 2012 Pg. 79 explains that A hero was the central human character in mythRead MoreEssay about Greek and Roman Mythology1513 Words   |  7 PagesGreek and Roman mythology is well know. The people of that time period were passionate about the gods and did everything in their power to please them. Like most religions the goal is be like one of the gods in order to achieve good fortune or to gain everlasting life. One of the most interesting characteristics about the Greek and Roman Gods is how the gods are not perfect in that they make the same mistakes that the average human would make. These characteristics were put into place to allow ancientRead MoreMythology vs Natural World: How mythology helped to explain aspects of the natural world to the ancient Greeks1289 Words   |  6 PagesGreek myths are all that s left of the ancient Greek religion, in which beauty, poetry, and creative activities were a vital part of the tradition. Centuries ago, the Greeks created numerous stories and poems, which are still being shared today, that showed their view of the world that existed not only in the mind of the Greek poets, but in the hearts of the humble and long suffering natives of ancient Greece. From the stories of the Olympians, to heroes greatest adventures and from romantic storiesRead MoreGreek Goddess And Greek Women874 Words   |  4 PagesThis review attempts to analyze the Greek goddess Athena as well as Greek women whose function in society contrasts with the roles of a goddess. This topic is of relevance to feminist’s who are smashing down barriers on stereotypes of women, this study attempts to shed some light to recognize the roles of Athena and Greek women. Past research has analyzed the differences between Greek women and Athena on how they contrast with responsibilities. What is often ignored is the complex ity of both individualsRead MoreGreek Mythology and Its Effects on Civilization803 Words   |  4 PagesGreek religion encompasses the collection of beliefs and rituals practiced in ancient Greece in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices. Many Greeks recognized the major gods and goddesses, such as Zeus, Poseidon, Hades and many others through philosophies such as Stoicism. The religious practices of the Greeks extended beyond mainland Greece to the islands and costs of Ionia in Asia Minor to Sicily and southern Italy, and scattered Greek colonies in the Western MediterraneanRead MoreAthenas Impact on the Lives of Ancient Greeks Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesAthena was the Greek Goddess of many ideas, but she was famous mostly for her superior wisdom, her cunning skills in times of war, and her implausible talent for household tasks, such as weaving and pottery. She was celebrated more than any other God in ancient mythology, was the supposed inventor of countless innovations, and her figure gave reason for Greek woman to gain rights long before others of their time. The goddess of war, the guardian of Athens, and the defender of Heroes; Athena’s impactRead MoreAnalysis Of Disney s The Lion King1055 Words   |  5 Pagesmodern era s most famous books and movies trace back to the Greek myths. Medicines are named after the characters of famous myths. Businesses choose the names of their companies and products from the ancient myths, lores, and various deities. Everyday phrases reference the centuries-old stories. Today, Greek mythology can be found in modern medicine, businesses, and language. Names of various Greek deities and other symbols from mythology have maneuvered their way into modern medicine. MorphineRead MoreGreek Mythology And The Mythology1154 Words   |  5 Pagesand lessons of Greek mythology have shaped art and literature for thousands of years. Later Greek writers and artists used and elaborated upon these sources in their own work. Did you know that in ancient Greece, stories about gods and goddesses and heroes and monsters were an important part of everyday life. They explained everything from rituals to the weather, and they gave meaning to the world people saw around them. Many consumer products get their names from Greek mythology. For example sports

The Hidden Truth About Purdue Why Do You Want to Pursue Your Major Essay Samples Exposed

The Hidden Truth About Purdue Why Do You Want to Pursue Your Major Essay Samples Exposed Top Purdue Why Do You Want to Pursue Your Major Essay Samples Choices Be as specific as possible with your objectives. It's difficult to know precisely what they'll ask, but it's essential to be prepared regarding the fundamentals. Many Deaf men and women feel uncomfortable visiting a psychologist due to the demand for a third individual. As an example, it's important to work with autistic children. With an MPH I intend to work to make sure that immigrants, including those that are undocumented, receive standard healthcare services. Additionally, education provides the chance for folks to expand the overall comprehension of their distinct field. What You Should Do to Find Out About Purdue Why Do You Want to Pursue Your Major Essay Samples Before You're Left Behind Every city has more than 1 college within it. The biology classes I took in high school proved just the start of what I ho pe to keep on doing later on. To make the actual money, one has to obtain her or his master's degree. The student understood why he wished to visit this college. The Master's Degree is becoming a favorite path for many college graduates, for a variety of reason. Third, you can want to earn more money and realize that people who have a Master's Degree make more. Professor Mitchell obtained a grant to have a category of students to Belgium as a way to study the EU. Fourth, you can want to engage in a Master's Degree to earn a jump into a new area or career. You might have several pursuits that go with each interest, or a number of interests that culminate in 1 activity. Our growing department offers a large number of classes. The major also offered many distinctive minors that I was able to pursue, thus giving me a wide range of options. The Dirty Truth on Purdue Why Do You Want to Pursue Your Major Essay Samples Through the worldwide students, we're in a position to find out more about other cultures and countries. Please be aware, that these resources revolve around applying to graduate studies programs in america. Colleges care ab out the quantities of acceptances deeply, so it can help to understand you're a sure thing. Your own personal statement should incorporate the long-term goals you've got for you career in nursing. If you've got an upcoming interview, concentrate on the above tips. This offers you the chance to expand you understanding of your work and meet others that might help you move up or even to other businesses in the field. Last, the business major offered the very best potential for securing work upon graduation due to the extensive scale of jobs out in the actual world. How to Choose Purdue Why Do You Want to Pursue Your Major Essay Samples Ultimately, hearing your paper out loud will provide you with a feeling of its tone. At length, think about this supplemental essay as a means to express how compatible you're with the college you're applying to. You would like to utilize your essay for a tool to demonstrate why you need to go to their school, versus simply stating why you wish to go there. Writing a superb nursing school essay is extremely important to getting your application considered and accepted. Colleges publish lots and plenty of distinct kinds of things, any of which is beneficial for research. Georgia Tech is always searching for innovative undergraduates. Students will be well ready to take on any problems or situations they're faced with in the true world. You are going to be ready for the actual world The classes might appear hard, since they certainly are not simple. Clubs help you find something which you never realized you'd ever be passionate about. Clubs and organizations help you find your passions With hundreds of organizations, it's unbelievably simple to get involved. The Fundamentals of Purdue Why Do You Want to Pursue Your Major Essay Samples Revealed Later on, it might be a prerequisite, making it that far more important to pursue now. Moreover, folks ought to keep in mind that being educated comes with a specific amount of societal responsibility. Your thought process behind your choice can be quite interesting to possible employers. Make certain you transition clearly from one major concept to the next.

Development for Revitalizing the Tourism in Clipper Bay Sample

Question: Discuss about the Tourism Management. Answer: Introduction Clipper Bay is an area of developing country with the emerging economy. The committees of Clipper Bay think that tourism would be beneficial in exploring new opportunities. They have decided to develop the tourism by using the cost-benefit analysis technique. Clipper Bay will focus on the development of entertaining industry and eco-tourism. Although the process of economic revitalization looks very difficult and time consuming, but it comes with several benefits like; social interaction, environment development, community development, improved local businesses and protection of cultural heritage. This report examines the approach to the development for revitalizing the tourism in Clipper Bay. This discusses the reasons behind the development considering the advantages and disadvantages of economical, socio-cultural and environment aspects of developing tourism on the town and its local people. A sustainable approach is using for the development in the tourism industry, i.e. responsi ble tourism. Furthermore, it includes some stakeholders, who are engaged in the economic revitalization through tourism at Clipper Bay. Development Approach Looking at the need of economic revitalization in Clipper Bay, it was essential to devise a sustainable development plan for economic saving the community from resource reduction addressing the issues of changes and to safeguard natural and cultural heritage (Arch Daily, 2010). Stable communities need to revitalize their economy by developing new highways, commercial areas, corridors and industries. The businessmen must try to promote their local business and culture to improve the life quality in the fast changing world. The best approach must be developed with the involvement of community and other parties, who are desirable for the sustainable outcomes. Recognizing the industries of the zone for economic growth is an important step in the economic revitalization. Clipper Bay town has a potential industry of fishing on which the livelihood of the city is based. It can be considered for the progression. Furthermore, the people of the city are dealing in the farming and agriculture i ndustry for their livelihood. It can also be used for the development (Sayad Koopaei, 2013). Along with these industries, the revenues from local businesses can promote the culture and tourism for the economy revitalization. The government should conduct an awareness program for the local people of Clipper Bay. The people must be aware about their safety and other concerns. The tourism operators must develop the rules and regulations for the attractions, which should be followed by the tourists, while visiting them. Thus, all the relevant parties should be included in the process of economic revitalization at Clipper Bay (Maher, khairat, 2010). Use of Cost Benefit Analysis The technique, which can be used for economic development of the activities, is Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA). The cost benefit analysis is a simple and fast technique, which is used for non-critical financial decisions and where the decisions are vital and include huge amount of money. Generally, this technique is used to define the alternatives, which provide the best approach to get the benefits with doing the savings. For the assessment of the public projects in developed economies, this method has gained huge acceptance (Barcelona Field Study Centre, 2017). There are various costs, which are involved in this, like; health care costs. These costs are provided, when any of the tourists has any injury. There are some economic incentive, like; handy crafts and local foods, which made by the women of the city. The cost benefit analysis of Clipper bay is done by considering some factors like; pool of labor, ease of access and availability of resources. Pool of labor: Most of the population in Clipper Bay is fishing based and they might battle at the time of tourism extention. Tourism operators can face some problems because there is a little pool of labor with prohibited planning of ability (Everist, 2009). The tourism developers will require preparing the local people to nurture them with the aptitude and knowledge and then hire the workers from the neighboring zones. Ease of access: Tourists can travel to Clipper Bay via road transport. This will reduce the travelling time and more buses can come, when the construction of new highway will be completed. However, there may be the problem of overcrowding, when there will be many tourists coming in. The 2 way costal road can be good to control the tourists, who are coming in. Thus, building the new high way is an advantage to the town and it will benefit the developments of Clipper Bay in the future. Availability of resources: To visit the land sea natural attractions, people especially travel from the urban area to take a break from their busy life. Hotels and resorts can be established along the coastal area to supply the water for tourists. Ecotourism can be conducted in Clipper Bay bringing the visitors to travel the limestone cave and camping in the forest. All of the aspects show that it is very valuable to choose tourism as primary economic engine for the Clipper Bay with these circumstances. Sustainable Approach (Responsible Tourism) As the tourism industry of Clipper Bay is selected for the development, so a sustainable approach should be adopted for the development. For this, a responsible approach of sustainable development can be used at Clipper Bay (Stewart, Maher Luck, 2010). Responsible tourism shows an approach to engage all the stakeholders, such as; local people, businesses, government, tourists and tour operators. This will focus on the aspect that all the stakeholders are equally responsible for the tourism development. Using this approach, the authorities will work with the objective of developing a better place to live or to travel. By using this responsible approach, the tourism at Clipper Bay can become more attractive and better. This approach will minimize the socio-cultural, economic and environmental impacts and it will produce the economic advantages to the local people and the city (Frey, George, 2010). Infrastructure plan In the development of travel and tourism, the significant challenge is to develop the infrastructure on Clipper Bay. Basic infrastructure will include the hotels, roads, highways, electricity, hospitals, parks, towers, buildings and other supportive structures, which support the tourism. Furthermore, the benefits from the infrastructures take to the Clipper Bay in public transportation, medical equipment, roads, accommodation, clean water supply, information systems and other utilities. This up-gradation and improvement in the town will attract more tourists. The industry and agriculture of the city may be more built of the basic infrastructure for the visitor utilization and economic growth. At the time of building these infrastructures, it will consider that it is not harming the life and earning of the local population of Clipper Bay. The land and agriculture should not be affected adversely by the construction activities. Superstructure The sustainability of the tourism industry is not identifiable without improving the superstructure. The superstructures include the structure facilities at the tourism attractions and destinations. These are developed at the beach front on of the town Clipper Bay to improve the structure of beach. The major facilities of beach structure include showers, rooms, changing rooms and towers for the security, clinics, rescue centers and some food stores. Stakeholders The stakeholders in the tourism industry at Clipper Bay includes various people, such as; tour operators, government, local people, tourists, communities and tourism committees. All the stakeholders will play their individual roles in the development of eco-tourism (Alonso, Ogle, 2010). The below diagram states the people, who will work for the benefits and interests of the tourists and local people by creating awareness among the people and fulfilling the social responsibilities. Analysis of Economic Elements in Tourism Economic factors are very important in the tourism industry. These aspects of economy have advantages as well as disadvantages in developing the tourism at Clipper Bay. Advantages: There are many advantages of tourism in the economic aspect (Ardahaey, 2011). These benefits are such as; economic growth by the multiplier effect and employment opportunities. Multiplier Effect: This effect happens when the tourists begin to spend. This has 4 levels of impact. Firstly, the tourism managers in Clipper bay experience the direct effect of multiplier, when they will earn cash from tourists (Kim, Chen Shawn Jang, 2006). There will be an indirect effect on the local people when they supply sea food or earn the wages from this service as an outcome of tourism business. Their living standard will be improved when they will earn more income because more amount of money will be flown in the economy. Employment Opportunities: With the revitalization of tourism, some resorts and hotels will be built in Clipper Bay. It will increase the employment opportunities in Clipper Bay. Job opportunity in Clipper Bay presented a type of direct employment. With the growth in the tourism, there will be increase in the indirect employment because the domestic business man and fisherman recruit more people to deal with the increasing demand from tourists. Other Economic Aspects: There will be some monetary effect, like; foreign investments and business expansion. With this specific goal, there will be requirement of a huge capital for constructing the framework. Clipper bays government can support the tourism by enriching and spreading to foreign investors to manufacture factories, resorts and hotels. This town will not only have the benefit from foreign direct investments, it will also benefit the people of the town. The government can assist the businesses by giving grants. Disadvantages: With the development of economy, inflation generally occurs too. Inflation is significant factor, which impacts tourism demand and this sector in the developing countries. As the number of tourists will increase, then it will expand the sale of local produces. This increased spending will affect the inflation adversely. Due to this, the people, who are living in Clipper bay, will face typical cost for living (Coria Calfucura, 2012). The government can make efforts to control the inflation by using an approach, i.e. concretionary. Another disadvantage is the growth in the job opportunities. It would decrease the conventional employment because the young generation will prefer to work in the hospitality and tourism industry and leave their local business of fishing. Analysis of Socio-cultural Elements in Tourism When the tourists visit Clipper Bay, then it will become host for them. In this way, socio-cultural aspects of tourism are the concerns for the Clipper Bay of direct link with the tourists and association with the business of tourism (Moscardo, Murphy, 2014). There are some advantages of disadvantages of developing tourism at Clipper Bay. Advantages: The local people, who are staying in Clipper Bay, can have the advantages as far as socio-cultural view of tourism. These advantages are mentioned below: Safeguarding the heritage: With the revitalization, there would be construction of a gallery in Clipper Bay, which will be open for the visitors (George, Mair Reid, 2009). There will be stricter to protect and secure the heritage and assuring that there will not be industrial pollution. Exposure of artworks: Exposure to the specialty and local arts will increase the more visitors traveling to Clipper Bay, because there is a link between visitors and local people. So, with the higher awareness commercialization of these products can happen and this type of expertise probably lost. The government can establish an emphasis in Clipper Bay with the ancient center to safeguard and it will assure that only local craft items will be selling there. Cross-Cultural Obligation: When the tourists travel to Clipper Bay, the local people can show them their own lifestyle and culture. This will not just allow the travelers to understand the indigenous domestic people but also they will become more informal with them (Woodside Martin, 2008). The local population will have the capacity to take the advantage when any regular tourist starts to get include with them and assist them in their day to day activities. They will try to get new things from other culture. It will help in enhancing their life style. Disadvantages: There are some socio-cultural disadvantages from developing the tourism at Clipper bay. As the people from different culture are visiting Clipper Bay, so it will impact the younger generation for being beak free from their tasks and practices (Farajirad, Seyyed Nasiri, 2010). The custom of Clipper Bay will be lost, as the locals will neglect the fishing and weaving for getting better employment opportunities in the hospitality industry. The social and traditional part will be affected adversely. There may be moral disintegration, like; utilization of alcohol and smoking can hurt the religion of the Clipper Bay. Other disadvantage is that there will be shortage of assets due to overcrowding in the town. The local people can feel angry because similar assets and things are currently used by most of the population. Analysis of Environmental Factors in Tourism There is also a need to consider the environmental aspects when planning for the tourism. Along with the advantages, it can bring a permanent loss to the environment and life of the local people. Advantages: Primarily, there are two major positive effects which the tourism brings. These advantages are such as; preservation of environment and development of attractions in the town. Preservation of environment: The government will make focus to assign the areas for the national park for securing the animals and wildlife. The wild animals would be kept within the limits of national park. The government can allot a piece of beach front area for constructing a national park for safeguarding the vegetation and people of the city. Thus, this environmental factor can enhance the life of plants and animals in Clipper Bay. Other advantages are, such as; the income generated from the tourism attractions can be used for the development of these destinations. The pollution control measures can be controlled, so they cannot harm the beauty of attractions. In revitalizing the tourism, the management of the resorts will make green efforts of Clipper Bay to enhance the eco-tourism, to utilize the biodegradable elements and energy conserving lightings to preserve the natural resources in the town. This will benefit the overall environment of the town. Disadvantages: There may be some aspects, which have environmental disadvantages from developing the tourism in Clipper Bay. There might be the problems related to different kinds of pollution, such as; air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and soil pollution. There may be air pollution through the increased use of transportation like; buses and airplanes, which are flying into airport of Clipper Bay (Antimova, Nawijn Peeters, 2012). Because of tourism, there may be exploitation of natural resources, like; land, water and greenery. Thus, development of tourism in Clipper Bay can lead to some environmental hazards like; pollution and dirtiness due to utilization of plastic bags, cigars, drugs etc. Conclusion Thus, the tourism will be the major factor of economic revitalization for the Clipper Bay town. There are various factors, which have advantages and disadvantages of tourism planning on the city. For attracting more customers, there may be some changes in the infrastructures of Clipper Bay. Eco-tourism is also important in making sure that the project is ecologically sustainable. The government in the town looks that Clipper Bay will take benefit from tourism even with its potential issues as they will keep in place measures to endure the tourism and safeguard the interests of the local people. After the revitalization, Clipper Bay will be tourist attraction and place for traveling and visiting. The report clearly identifies the advantages and disadvantages of all the aspects of tourism development. References Ardahaey, F.T. (2011). Economic Impacts of Tourism Industry. International Journal of Business andManagement, Vol. 6, No. 8, pp. 206-215. Alonso, A. D., Ogle, A. (2010). Tourism and hospitality small and medium enterprises and environmental sustainability. Management Research Review, 33, 818826. Arch Daily. (2010). 36 Clipper Bay Home / FGR Architects. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/96431/36-clipper-bay-home-fgr-architects. Antimova, R., Nawijn, J., Peeters, P. (2012). The awareness/attitude-gap in sustainable tourism: A theoretical perspective. Tourism Review, 67, 716 Barcelona Field Study Centre. (2017). Tourism Costs and Benefits. Retrieved from https://geographyfieldwork.com/TourismProsCons.htm. Coria, J. Calfucura, E. (2012). Ecotourism and the development of indigenous communities: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Ecological Economics, 73, 4756. Everist, R. (2009). The Complete Guide to the Great Ocean Road: Walks, Beaches, Heritage Ecology, Towns and Sustainable Tourism Through Southwest Victoria. Best Shot Publication. Farajirad, A. Seyyed Nasiri, S.J. (2010). Analytical approaches to the sustainable development of urban tourism. Land Geographical Journal, Vol.7, No. 25. Frey, N. George, R. (2010). Responsible tourism management: the missing link between business owners attitude and behavior in the cap town tourism industry. Tourism Management, Vol. 31, No.5, pp.621-628. George, E.W., Mair, H. Reid, D.G. (2009). Rural Tourism Development: Localism and Cultural Change. Channel View Publications. Kim, H. J., Chen, M.H. Shawn Jang, S. (2006). Tourism expansion and economic development: The case of Taiwan. Tourism Management, No.27, p.925933. Maher, A. khairat, G. (2012). Integrating Sustainability into Tour Operator Business: An Innovative Approach in Sustainable Tourism. Tourismos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, Vol. 7, Issue 1. Moscardo, G. Murphy, L. (2014). There Is No Such Thing as Sustainable Tourism: Re-Conceptualizing Tourism as a Tool for Sustainability. Journal of Sustainability, Vol. 6. Pp. 2538-2561. Sayad, M.H.J. Koopaei, M.B. (2013). Study of Some Social Factors Affecting Attitude towards Natural Tourist Attractions in Dezful City. International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, Vol. 2, pp. 1013-1017. Stewart, E.J., Maher, P.T. Luck, M. (2010). Cruise Tourism in Polar Regions: Promoting Environmental and Social Sustainability. Routledge Publications. Woodside. A.G. Martin, D. (2008). Tourism Management: Analysis, Behaviour and Strategy. CABI Publications.

Brazil vs. Costa Rica free essay sample

With the growing global concern for the environment, new products, industries, and sustainable practices have emerged across a number of industries. The industry of tourism on an international and domestic scale is no different. Over the past few decades, the global tourism industry has witnessed an immense increase in travel based on environmentally sound practices, devised to be sustainable . Travellers are becoming increasingly interested in natural environments, cultures, and adventures. For this new market segment activities such as wilderness viewing, wildlife observation and hiking/trekking opportunities have become more popular to a wider base of customers within the tourism and travel industry . This new form of tourism, also known as ecotourism, has also become an integral part of a number of country’s environmental and economic practices . According to Rual Goueva in his article Managing the Ecotourism Industry in Latin America:Challenges and Opportunities, ecotourism is a specific kind of tourism that â€Å"fosters, promotes, and acts as a catalyst for environmental protection †. We will write a custom essay sample on Brazil vs. Costa Rica or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is in his view that ecotourism strategies must pay a great deal of attention to the following: (1) economic development, (2) environmental protection, (3) cultural protection, (4) social development and, (5) political development. As a more sustainable form of tourism, ecotourism offers an alternative and highly effective means for developing and developed economies to blend their economies into the global economy and often â€Å"provides incentives to establish sustainable development strategies †. In summary, ecotourism should concentrate on efforts to maximize the benefits of tourism while minimizing the environmental, economic, political, social, and cultural impacts of tourism. Additionally, policies have to be devised to optimize the allocation of resources from ecoturism revenues to preserve and sustain the resource base. It is, however, important to note the lack of a homogeneous definition of eco-tourism activities within the tourism industry and thus difficult to assess its impacts. Under their functional definition, the World Tourism Organization/OMT concluded in 1998 that ecotourism represents about 2 to 4 percent of total global tourism. However, this percentage is estimated to be much larger as the industry has grown almost exponentially in the past few years and the share of ecotourism broadly defined as tourists that travel to observe and enjoy nature has been expanding steadily during the last decade. Another source with a similar functional definition, the International Ecotourism Society (TIES), estimated that ecotourism is expanding by 20% annually, compared with 7% expansion for the tourism industry as a whole. The specific segment of ecotourism generated around USD 154 billion in revenues for the year 2000 . Continuing, TIES also estimates that between 40%-60% of travel around the world is nature-related and that between 20%-40% of tourists are specifically wildlife related tourists . Furthermore, it should be noted that this segment of tourism can have profound affects on a nation’s economy. It has been noted that ecotourism is primarily led by supply side economics rather than demand. In other words, the quality of the ecotourism experience is positively correlated to the level of environmental protection the local ecosystem enjoys. Ecotourism is therefore classified as a normal good or service. Additionally, it is critical that eco-ventures pay specific attention to the level of environmental disturbance and disruption that ecological and social systems can sustain . As it has been noted, any level of interaction and/or intervention with a local ecosystem may have environmental impacts, which must be minimized in order to preserve the nature being enjoyed via ecotourism . As the effects of tourism within natural and/or preserved areas can hinder or help a specific ecosystem, many policy makers around the world are paying much more attention to the regulation of natural areas. Several countries that are trying to find a compromise between economic development and environmental protection are becoming the leaders in Ecotourism. Countries that are rich in natural resources but that are not yet implementing sustainable development strategies are being encouraged to promote activities such as ecotourism . Ecotourism must be approached as a part of a number of initiatives to protect local ecosystems. At the macro level, a nation pursuing ecotourism should include as many federal, state, and local agencies as possible. It has also been noted that ecotourism must be a part of the country overall economic development and growth as well . This paper was intented to examine the economic, environmental and social aspects of two countries currently participating in the industry of ecotourism, Costa Rica and Brazil. However before an analysis can begin, it is necessary to review the formation of ecotourim in each country and examine how, when, and why ecotourism came about. Costa Rica is known as country with rich and robust biodiversity. However, in the past few decades, it has experienced an increase in amount of deforestation within the country . Like a number of developing countries, such as Brazil, Costa Rica has been steadily loosing its lush forests to agricultural uses. Between 1950 and 1990, it was estimated that the country lost about half of its total forest cover due to agricultural development . Furthermore, b the early to mid 1990s, only about 6 percent of the countrys land area (not including parks and nationally recognized protected areas) remained in intact primary forest . However, this rapid decline in forest covering has slowed in recent years with the growth of an internationally renowned national park system; which has preserved over 10 percent of the country’s total primary forests . As of today, Costa Rica has secured land throughout the country for over 25 national parks, reserves, and wildlife refuges for endangered species (as shown in Figure 1. 1, adopted from SOURCE). Along with the government’s formal protection of the land, ecotourism has been said to hinder the rate of deforestation as well. Ecotourism in Costa Rica began in the mid-1980s as a way to stop the deforestation and to generate needed foreign exchange for the economy. Tourism in general in Costa Rica has been one of the most dynamic sectors of the economy. In 1992 tourism earnings totaled $421 million, making it the second largest foreign exchange earner after bananas. Moreover, ecotourism has been rapidly expanding as well accounting for 36 percent of net tourism earnings in 1989. In sum, according to Stacy Small, Production Editor of Caribbean Travel and Life Magazine, Costa Ricas tourism industry has been increasing in size for many years now, and one reason for this upsurge is the appeal of and demand for ecotourism . Costa Rica has been promoting and expanding its ecotourism industry. The Environmental Secretariat and the Costa Rican Tourism Institute have become largely responsible for the development and coordination of ecotourism policies in the country . Due to a high level of governmental involvement and the formation of societal institutions such as The Environmental Secretariat, Costa Rica has become the primary example of country in Latin America with a successful ecotourism industry. Their rich ecosystem, accounting for an outstanding 5% of the world’s biodiversity, offers the country a natural competitive advantage in the industry . Additionally, ecotourism has become the main motivation for tourists within the country. In the early 1980s, an estimated 370,000 tourists traveled to the country of Costa Rica. By 2002, about 1. 1 million tourists arrived in Costa Rica, with the vast majority, 830,000 people, being ecotourists or individuals participating in nature related travel . The ectourism sector of Costa Rica has become quite diverse, from bird watching to volcano climbing and kayaking. To date, Costa Rica has approximately 25% of its territory under governmental protection, 1. million hectares, with 12% of its territory composed of national parks and privately owned reserves . It should also be noted that the private reserves of Costa Rica utilized for ecotourism are the areas that develop and generate the most income. Take for example the Monteverde Biological Preserve, the habitat of the exotic golden toad, has become famous worldwide and is internationally recognized as one of the best areas of ecotourism in Latin America. Over the last two decades, the Monteverde reserve has earned more income than all other national parks combined with its main source of financing coming from admission fees and grants . Rara Avis is another private reserve that has turned to ecotourism. Rara Avis was opened in 1983, and contains 3,000 acres of primary and secondary forest. It borders on the Braulio Cariilo National Park and the Zona Protetora La Selva, a research station. Private banks financed Rara Avis, and it was the first of its kind in the country. Rara Avis has shown that ecotourism can become a profitable way to manage tropical forest resources. However, in more recent years, Costa Rica has witnessed detrimental side effects of overcrowding in its forest reserves as a result of increased ecotourism. Take for instance the increasingly popular Manuel Antonio Park. Heavy interest in this area has led developers to overbuild, which has threatened the diverse monkey population and other wildlife in the park. On the other hand, ecotourism has been a successful strategy for Cost Rica. Due to its consistency in approach, Costa Rica has successfully promoted an environmentally sound ecotourism industry over the past few decades. Additionally, ecotourism has had an inclusive macroeconomic strategy that benefits local communities, generates jobs as well as revenues, and has inspired further research in the areas of ecology and biodiversity. As a whole, Costa Rica offers a panoramic and pristine view of exactly how ecotourism can benefit a soceity, local communities, and the environment. Beginning of ecotourism in Brazil Ecotourism was first introduced in Brazil, on the governamental level, in 1985, when the Brazilian Institute of Tourism (Embratur) started its Ecological Tourism project. The first intention to put things in order was made in 1987 by creating the National Technical Commission, consisting of experts from both the Brazilian Institute for the Enviroment and Renovable Natural Resources (Ibama) and Embratur. The main goal of the commission was to monitor the Ecological Tourism project, as a reaction on ecotourism observed at that time, which was little organized and not at all sustainable. Although, the efforts made by govermnent were not sufficient to end with barriers between theory and practice of ecotourism. The principal problem was the lack of a unified concept of a segment, i. e. no existing criteria, regulation and incentives that would direct firms and investors and the government itself to promote and use effectively the natural assets of a country, and to protect them at the same time. As a consequence, the ecotourism in Brazil used to be an activity without any mark of order and very confused, where the main objective was to generate a profit, totally ignoring its other aspects, like socioeconomic and environmental benefits for the country. The brazilian ecotourism in the late 80s and early 90s was more likely the regular tourism which used the ecologic aspect just to sell better. Environmental experts referred to it as an â€Å"eco-opportunismâ€Å". Creating legal framework for ecotourism In 1994, a workgroup of experts of all ministries involved (Ministry of Environment, Imdustry, Commerce and Tourism) met in Goias Velho, Goias, to create a document â€Å"Directives for National Ecotourism Policyâ€Å". With this document, they set a legal framework for ecotourism in Brazil, which was defined: Ecotourism is a segment of tourism activity which uses, in a sustainable way, natural and cultural assets, incentives their conservation and looks for a creation of an ervironmental consciousness throught the interpretation of an environment and promoting the welfare of communities involved at the same time. This definition and all the other directives were created with favourable to a profitable tourism connected to environmental and cultural peculiarities of Brazil. The effort was made to assure growth of this particular branch of tourism all over Brazil, with the following criteria what ecotourism should do: -Provide better life conditions for communities in the areas of ecotourism. -Promote valuation of the environment -Create wealth and promote employment To make an opportunity to learn about natural and cultural assets in order to promote knowledge of new generations. Another important decision was made at the meeting – the government should start to cooperate with various NGOs and, together, educate prospective employers in the sector of ecotourism. The opinions of NGOs were often accepted by government in the process of building adequate infrastructure to promote sustainable growth of ecotourism in Brazil. Setting the principles Last but not least, the main concerns regarding ecotourism in Brazil were defined and published as a list of actions recommended to promote the sector in the whole country. : 1. Regulation of ecotourism – The necessity of its own legal framework, harmonized with both state and federal laws. 2. Institutional Interaction – Intensification of exchanging information and experience between governamental institutions and private sector. 3. Human Resources Creation – Education and training of personnel to work in an area of ecotourism. 4. Quality control – Creation of tools for observation, evaluation and improvement of ecotourism including both public and private sector. 5. Distribution of information – Creation of a database with the access for all national and various international institutions involved, including indicators monitoring the evolution of ecotourism. 6. Incentives to develop ecotourism – Promotion and stimulation of economic activity in the sector together with infrastructure in order to provide high quality services, especially in priority ecotourism destinations. . Information for tourists – providing the tourists knowledge about the destination they visit to make them respect the local environment. 8. Participation of communities – Make people living in major ecotourism destinations participate in the sector and modify their lifestyle to increase sustainability of the area. With the help of mentioned governamental regulation and cooperation between state instituti ons and many NGOs, the ecotourism grew by 15 % a year until 2000, while the tourism as a whole only grew 3 % anually. There were created ecotourism destinations in all brazilian states and the rigorous control has contributed to a sustainability of the sector and to protection of natural assets of Brazil. Costa Rica – Present part The tourism boom in Costa Rica began in 1987 (Crist Inman, 1997) with the number of visitors up from 329,000 in 1988, through 1 million in 1999, to 1. 9 million foreign visitors in 2007, allowing the country to earn US $1. 9 billion in that year (World Tourism Barometer, 2008). By 2002, about 1. 1 million tourists arrived in Costa Rica, with about 830,000 of them being ecotourists (Saenz, 2001). Thus, tourism in Costa Rica has since 1999 been one of Costa Rica’s most important industries exemplified by the fact that it earns more foreign exchange than traditional commodities such as pineapples, banana and coffee combined (Departamento de Estadisticas ICT (2006) (need statistics on that ). In 2001, ecotourism accounted for an annual growth rate of 20-30 percent (Dasenbruck, 2001). Today, being the nation’s principal industry, ecotourism contributes an estimated US $825mn to the economy annually as well as a 19 % increase in the number of tourists visiting in 2005 (â€Å"Ecotourism can be good business! , 2006). Economic impact The Travel Tourism industry in Costa Rica encompasses transport, accommodation, catering, recreation and services for visitors. Below are presented some macroeconomic indicators in relation to the industry. GDP The Travel Tourism industry is expected to contribute directly 5. 3% to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2008 (CRC778. 8 bn or US $1,466. 2 mn), rising in nominal terms to CRC2,005. 5 bn or US$2,639. 2 mn (5. 8% of total) by 2018. Additionally, according to WTTC the real growth of TT in Costa Rica is forecasted to see a real rise of 1,2 % (US$ 3,769) in the economy GDP in 2008. Moreover, real GDP growth is expected to grow at an average of 4,7 % per annum over the coming 10 years. Employment The TT economy contribution to employment is expected to rise from 258. 000 jobs in 2008, which represents 13,1 % of total employment, or 1 in every 7. 6 jobs to 359. 000 representing 14,4 % of total employment or 1 in every 6. 9 jobs by 2018 (WTTC, 2008). Visitor exports Export earnings from international and visitors are expected to generate 17,1 % of total exports (US $ 2,270,8 mn) in 2008 growing, in nominal terms, to 16,8 % (US$ 4,369,3 mn) of total exports in 2018 (WTTC, 2008). Investment Travel Tourism Capital Investment is estimated at CRC515. 0 bn, US$969. 5 mn or 15. 1 % of total investment in year 2008. By 2018, this should reach CRC1,225. 1 bn, US$1,612. 2 mn or 15. 6 % of total (WTTC, 2008). Foreign investment has had a major role to play in the development of the Costa Rican ecotourism industry. It was both politically and financially supported by the IMF, The World Bank and USAID. For instance, in 2001 the World Bank approved a US $40 mn loan of which most of it focused on ecotourism (Dasenbruck, 2001). Given that Costa Rica has a solid credit rating with international lenders along with international support from the abovementioned institutions gives the country a degree of financial stability in handling substantial costs in the development of the ecotourism industry. Government Government Travel Tourism operating expenditures in Costa Rica in 2008 are expected to total CRC122. 9 bn (US$231. 3 mn), or 6. 2% of total government spending. In 2018, this spending is forecast to total CRC396. 1 bn (US$521. 3 mn), or a 6. 4% share (WTTC, 2008). I’ll add more here about government institutions and initiatives, laws, regulations†¦. Ecotourism and the environment Behind ecotourism lies the idea of preserving a nations natural resources while profiting from them (Dasenbruck, 2001). Similarly to Brazil, ecotourism is overall considered to be beneficial to the environment compared to conventional forms of tourism e. g. mass tourism, exemplified by Cancun in Mexico with 4,000 room hotel resorts. One of the reasons that ecotourism in Costa Rica enjoys such high importance economically is because there exists a strong environmental lobby based in the â€Å"green industry† (Dasenbruck, 2001. This lobby recognizes the long-term benefits of aintaining an environmentally friendly image and therefore it supports most of the government’s conservation initiatives. Some, however, argue that ecotourism is an oxymoron, since travel at its base is detrimental to the environment. Airplane fossil fuels and the pollution coming from jet airplanes are used as examples of evidence, that international travel and environm ental protection are mutually exclusive by nature (Dasenbruck, 2002). Ecotourism in Brazil Current Growth Brazilian ecotourism began to grow exponentially after the country woke up to its eco-potential during the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. Still, ecotourism in Brazil continues to grow at a rapid pace. While the tourism industry overall grows at a rate of 3% annually, ecotourism is up by 15%. Other areas such as the city of Bonito are experiencing bigger growths of 20-30%. (Planeta) Furthermore, it is estimated that by the year 2010, ecotourism could make up as much as 50% of the travel industry according to Dorival Bruni, president of the non-profit Biosphere society. Considering that one of the largest ecotourism destinations in the world is the Amazon, this estimate is considerably probable. It is estimated by the World Tourism Organization that ecotourism may represent 2-4% of the world’s tourism. In 2000, ecotourism accounted for 10% of Brazilian tourism revenues (Bioesfera, 2001). The next three economic markers show Brazil’s travel and tourism industry’s contribution toward total GDP, employment, and exports. GDP The World Travel Tourism Council (WTTC) research findings reported that the Travel Tourism industry is expected to contribute directly 2. 5% to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2008 BRL 70. 6 or US$36. 1bn), rising in nominal terms to BRL157. bn or US$53. 2bn(2. 6% of total) by 2018 (WTTC). Employment Brazil’s Travel Tourism Economy employment is estimated at 5,500,000 jobs in 2008, 5. 9% of total employment, or 1 in every 16. 9 jobs. By 2018, this should total 7,634,000 jobs, 6. 6% of total employment, or 1 in every 15. 2 jobs (WTTC). Exports Export earnings from international visitors and tourism goods are expected to generate 5. 9% of total exports (BRL22. 5 bn or US$11. 5 bn) in 2008, growing (nominal terms) to BRL65. 4 bn or US$22. 1 bn (5. 4% of total) in 2018 (WTTC). Ecotourism and the environment One of the core benefits of ecotourism is the sustainability of the environment thus; ecotourism is an economically productive way to protect Brazil’s natural wonders. Consequently, Brazil’s continued growth of ecotourism is also generating a positive social impact. Local skilled and semi-skilled populations are benefiting the most from this current growth. According to Joao Mireilles Filho, president of the Peabiru Ecotourism Institute and of the Brazilian Ecotourism Institute (IEB), one of the most visited regions in Brazil for ecotourism is the Pantanal region, which is a vast series of wetlands in the upper Paraguay River Basin. The capital of this region, a town called Bonito is the main launching spot for ecotourists. Socially, Bonito accounts for about 2,000 jobs in the sector out of a population of less than 20,000 people. (Planeta) Investments As ecotourism continues to grow, it will provide investment opportunities for private and foreign investors who see the value in this industry. One region of such potential is The Ribeira de Iguape River, one of the most important rivers in the Brazilian southeastern state of Sao Paulo. The Ribeira de Iguape Valley is known for its complex geology and natural riches with a number of limestone caves and important mineral resources. Currently it is still characterized by poverty and underdevelopment however; ecotourism in the region has now a US$ 15 million financing US$ 9 million from the IDB (Inter-American Development Bank) and US$ 6 million from the government of Sao Paulo for improvement in infra-structure, training and organization. The Monetary International Fund (MIF) provided a $1. 7 million grant to improve the quality and competitiveness of small to medium sized enterprises in the tourist sector. By the year 2010, more than 5,000 firms are in the tourist sector are expected to pursue certification. It is estimated that ecotourism will receive a considerable amount of this grant. (IDB) In February 2006, the IDB approved a loan of $9 million toward improvements in infrastructure, including highways and productive systems in the Atlantic Forest region of the state of Sao Paolo. This project will benefit six parks which will benefit by retaining their visitors and acquiring financial sustainability while protecting their natural wonders. Opportunities One of the biggest areas of opportunity for Brazil is the Amazon region. This region is home to some 20 million people and is known for the biological diversity of its ecosystem and the great diversity of flora and fauna. It has the potential to become one of the largest ecotourism attractions in the world. As a matter of fact, it is 98 times larger than Costa Rica. Unfortunately in 2000 it only earned US400 million in exports which is less than half of Costa Rica’s total revenues during that time. This equates to a meager . 05% of the world’s ecotourism revenues in 2000. One of the biggest challenges facing this region is the lack of infrastructure such as energy power, communication, and transportation. The government taken some steps to ameliorate the situation by launching PROECOTUR (The Program of Development of Eco-Tourism in the Amazon) with the help of the IDB to develop and improve the infrastructure of selected areas in the region. It includes surveying best practices for ecotourism, financing ecotourism projects, developing tourist infrastructure, and assisting investors with technological and financial aid (SCA). Since deforestation has already affected large areas of the Amazon, Proecotur should bring more visitors to the region as well as sustainable revenue. Another project launched was the Poles project by the tourist and travel agency Embrateur in conjunction with the Ecotourism institute in an effort to establish guidelines for the development of ecotourism poles around the country. Brazil vs. Costa Rica Ecotourism in Brazil is still underdeveloped especially in the Amazon region which has tremendous upward potential in terms of providing a greater source of income on both a local and a national level for the Brazilian economy. In exploring various economic, political, and social factors that influence the ability of these countries to expand their ecotourism market, Costa seems to have the better position. In terms of GDP contribution relative to each country’s national economy, Costa Rica 13. 5% doubles Brazil’s 6. 2% indicating that there is significant room for growth for Brazil due to its tremendous size. Consequently, Costa Rica’s employment as well as exports are also incrementally higher at 13. 1% vs. 5. 9% and 17. 1% and 5. 9% respectively. On the other hand, Brazil has a much higher potential in terms of growth largely due to its untapped Amazon region. In terms of Real Growth, Brazil’s future looks bright. In 2008, Brazil is forecast to see Real Growth of 6. 7% in terms of Direct Industry GDP. Nominally, this represents an increase of US$36bn. With regards to Direct Industry Employment, an increase of 6. 4% is expected which means an additional 2,279,000 jobs will be generated. In contrast, Costa Rica is expected to see a Real Growth of -1. 5% in terms of Direct Industry GDP (in nominal terms US$1,466,000mn) and -3. 9% decrease in Direct Industry Employment. Brazil will be able to handle such growth but will need to have a collaborative effort nationally if they want to sustain their current growth. The government certainly plays an important role in the development of ecotourism in Brazil. They must provide the overall policy environment to permit development to proceed along an orderly path, and should welcome the involvement of other sectors. Furthermore, there is a need to teach policy makers the importance of ecotourism as a viable financial profit sanctuary so that policies reflect social and environmental concerns as well as market realities. Next, effective certification programs should be implemented to ensure adequate information of products and services is given to the public. Educating consumers and raising awareness on the importance to protect the national environment should stimulate demand for socially and environmentally friendly products that ecotourism provides. Lastly, significant improvement of Brazil’s logistic resources such as roads, electric power and infrastructure in the Amazon region will be quintessential for the sustainability of Brazil’s ecotourism industry.

Free Essays on Assimilation

Assimilation In the short stories, â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice walker, â€Å"From Outside in† by Barbara Mellix, and â€Å"Becoming Literate: A Lesson from the Amish† by Andrea R. Fishman all discuss the struggle for assimilation in many different ways. Dee (Wangero) in â€Å"Everyday Use† manifests her struggle for assimilation through the customs and dress of her family as African Americans. Barbara, â€Å"From Outside In,† presented a struggle in her life through two different languages which she had to adjust according to the society she was in. Eli in â€Å"Becoming Literate: A Lesson from the Amish† presents his struggle for assimilation though his families beliefs as an Amish for literacy. Assimilation is the process of taking something new into oneself, as when we learn the values and customs of a new profession or social group. Assimilation is a factor one has to live and learn to adjust to in order to associate with others. Alice Walker shows how the mother gradually rejects the superficial values of her older, successful daughter Dee, in favor of the practical values of her younger, less fortunate daughter Maggie. The mother is described as â€Å"a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man,† and her 2nd grade education. Her uneducated self does not prevent her from having an inherent understanding of her heritage based on her love and respect for those who came before her. She associates this with the two quilts that have a special meaning to her. When she reaches out to touch the quilt it manifests Mama’s connection with her family. Her appreciation of the quilts is based on love for the people who made and used them. When Dee moved away from home to start a new life, she broke the family tradition. When she decided to come back she was looke d as an outsider because Mama be... Free Essays on Assimilation Free Essays on Assimilation Assimilation In the short stories, â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice walker, â€Å"From Outside in† by Barbara Mellix, and â€Å"Becoming Literate: A Lesson from the Amish† by Andrea R. Fishman all discuss the struggle for assimilation in many different ways. Dee (Wangero) in â€Å"Everyday Use† manifests her struggle for assimilation through the customs and dress of her family as African Americans. Barbara, â€Å"From Outside In,† presented a struggle in her life through two different languages which she had to adjust according to the society she was in. Eli in â€Å"Becoming Literate: A Lesson from the Amish† presents his struggle for assimilation though his families beliefs as an Amish for literacy. Assimilation is the process of taking something new into oneself, as when we learn the values and customs of a new profession or social group. Assimilation is a factor one has to live and learn to adjust to in order to associate with others. Alice Walker shows how the mother gradually rejects the superficial values of her older, successful daughter Dee, in favor of the practical values of her younger, less fortunate daughter Maggie. The mother is described as â€Å"a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man,† and her 2nd grade education. Her uneducated self does not prevent her from having an inherent understanding of her heritage based on her love and respect for those who came before her. She associates this with the two quilts that have a special meaning to her. When she reaches out to touch the quilt it manifests Mama’s connection with her family. Her appreciation of the quilts is based on love for the people who made and used them. When Dee moved away from home to start a new life, she broke the family tradition. When she decided to come back she was looke d as an outsider because Mama be...

Models of Object Recognition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Models of Object Recognition - Essay Example This is simply 'object recognition'. When a lion approaches us, we realise through prior knowledge that the animal is known to be ferocious, dangerous and sometimes doesn't hesitate to kill. With this information we are able to make instant decisions as to the next course of action. A meal at a dinner table tells us it is edible and we can approach it. This 'spatial localisation' is the establishing of where objects are in the surrounding space and time, and is also an important aspect for survival. Another factor necessary for survival is 'perceptual constancy'. This is when objects, although the eyes perceive them to be in motion, are kept constant in terms of appearance. Object recognition, spatial localisation and perceptual constancy are the three main characteristics of perception. One theory that aims to explain object recognition and constancy is Marr's theory which concerns itself with visual processing. It is also called the computational approach which involves taking two dimensional images and extracting valuable three-dimensional information from them. This theory requires examining the levels of grey in an image, creating a rough sketch, then a 2.5D sketch and representing the image as a 3D model. Marr's model of object recognition is concerned with drafting out representations of objects with increasing amount of information. The first step in this representation is creating the raw or full primal sketch. Raw primal sketches contain data regarding the light intensity variations of a shape or scene. A full primal sketch makes use of this data to determine how many outlines and objects are contained within the scene. The light intensity changes provided in the raw primal sketch gives the level of grey representation contained within the pixels of the i mage. Computation on the properties shape can begin when it has become coloured i.e. detached from the background. Properties like symmetry, centre of mass, size aspect ratios are likely to offer clues as to the object's identity. The centre of mass or medial axis from the skeleton of the object is crucial to analysing the shape of the object. The use of structural primitives and spatial relationships to represent an object lies in the determination of the medial axis. This would enable us to construct a 3D model of the object. Marr explains that a 2.5D surface sketch helps to represent the visible surface. A computer vision system could reconstruct the surface with this process. Boundary detection is difficult even with advanced edge locators, but can be achieved by surface reconstruction. The other model is Biederman's 'recognition by components' theory views all object and forms as being comprised of basic geometrical forms or 'geons'. Pattern recognition therefore is the simple identifying of these separate components. But objects need not necessarily be comprised of different components for them to be recognisable. Simple line drawings may suffice. The drawings of matchstick men, or outlines of cars or buildings, are still recognisable. Additional information such as size, colour, orientation, surface quality paints the whole picture, but it is the overall shape that is of primary importance (Biederman in Atkinson 2000, pp 164). When a silhouette of a four legged animal is shown, it is fairly easy to identify

Alternative Pain Therapy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8750 words

Alternative Pain Therapy - Research Paper Example Tragedies that could otherwise been avoided have motivated me to do the research and study options of minimizing pain and assess whether they are better compared to the conventional methods being used. I would like to acknowledge my friends and family for their unwavering support throughout the research time. I would also like to thank and acknowledge my course professor and supervisor whose support and guidance really helped me to successfully complete this research paper. Abstract This project was titled alternative chronic pain treatments due to the idea that came up to me as result of the several tragic fatalities linked to analgesics that have occurred. Analgesics have been used to treat pains for quite a long time, but an incident in Afghanistan where a soldier massacred seventeen people due to side effects of the drug raised lots of concern. The literature review will further look at the various researches that have been associated with the side effects of analgesics. Differen t statistical reports and researches are illustrated in the literature review to back up these numerous theories. The motivation for this paper was large due to the fact that when solving a problem, there is always the endeavor to make the situation better than it was. However, this was not the case for the analgesics. As we will see in the literature review, soldiers are tremendously being affected by side effects of analgesics. From this observation, it can be said authoritatively that the study into the alternative pain relief methods is justified. The methodology went ahead and used descriptive statistical technique for its reliability and for the fact that it can be used comprehensively with both qualitative and quantitative statistical techniques. This gave room for the data to be collected through the various ways associated to the two different techniques. The data collection was done through structured questionnaires that were well pre-tested and administered to the target population. The data analysis was performed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), and the data presented using tables and figures. CHAPTER ONE Introduction Pain in human bodies always reflects an injury that requires medical attention and care. The nervous system is triggered to send information and alert the brain of a possible injury within the body. On the other hand, chronic pain is a very persistent and constant pain that never goes, it keeps occurring causing a lot of discomfort and inconvenience to an individual (National Institute of Health, 2013). Body pain causes a lot of discomfort to an individual irrespective of the short period of time they may take. Therefore, constant and repeatedly painful occurrence such as chronic pains should be addressed with the seriousness they deserve. Effective methods of handling the pain and helping the affected people feel relieved and better is indispensable (National Institu

Keystone XL Pipeline Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Keystone XL Pipeline Analysis - Research Paper Example The fourth and final phase of the Keystone Pipeline system is referred to as the Keystone XL Pipeline. This is by far the most ambitious expansion of the existing pipeline system. The Keystone XL Pipeline calls for the installation of over 1000 miles of 36† steel pipe beginning in Hardisty, Canada and ending in Steele City, Nebraska. This additional piping will increase the carrying capacity of the entire Keystone Pipeline system to over one million barrels of crude petroleum products per day. While the first three phases of the Keystone Pipeline have has supporters at all levels of government and in the business sector, the Keystone XL segment has been met with protest and controversy almost from the first moment is was proposed. Many different groups have taken their turn criticizing the pipeline project. The controversy has caused the Obama administration to suspend the permitting process that is necessary for the project to get started. Through regulatory control, the Obama administration has halted planned construction since March of 2013. The depth and breadth of the protests has caused this regulatory action. The first set of protests against the Keystone XL segment centers on environmental concerns. ... The aquifer is massive but relatively shallow. The importance of keeping this aquifer clean and safe from petrochemical pollution cannot be overstated. The primary use for the Ogallala Aquifer is irrigation of crops. The invention of center-pivot irrigation in the 1940’s and broad implementation of the technology in the 1950’s allowed farmers in the Great Plains to dependably raise crops such as corn, soybeans and peanuts that traditionally needed to be grown in more humid climates. This shift in land use forced out less water intensive forms of agriculture such as dry land ranching and created an agricultural economy heavily dependent on irrigation for success. Before the advent of the Keystone pipeline system, the greatest threat to the Ogallala Aquifer was over pumping. Some regions of northern Texas and Oklahoma discontinued or diminished water extraction from the aquifer because the water table was dropping at and increasing rate. Withdraw from the aquifer greatly exceeded the rate of recharge, threatening all agricultural activity in the region. Farmers were forced to adjust their methods of cropping and pasturing. The water table has since bounced back and is at near normal levels because of these changes made in the 1980’s. This example of cooperation between environmentalists and farmers is offered to show that the population of the Great Plains region recognizes that protecting the Ogallala Aquifer is in the best interest of everyone in the entire region. This explains the widespread opposition to the Keystone XL portion of the pipeline. In addition to providing water for irrigation, over 80% of the drinking water for residences is extracted from the aquifer. The Keystone XL phase cuts

Peter Honey And Mumford Learning Styles

Peter Honey And Mumford Learning Styles Learners have developed different learning styles which suites them best to take studies. Each learning styles has its own strength and weaknesses which differ from the others and It is essential for every learner to know about his or her learning styles because this helps to see areas of weaknesses and look for possible solutions to that weakness. Literature overview There are different theories on learning styles which are David Kolb, Peter Honey,Alan Mumford, Anthony Gregorc , Chickering and Gameson.,Carl Jung and Richard M.Felder . Kolbs learning style According to Kolbs original model, Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience, (David A. Kolb, 1984:1). He introduces four learning styles which are Concrete Experience it is when a learner has a new experience compared to previous experience and has to do .Reflective observation these varies between understanding and previous experience. Abstract Conceptualization Reflection gives rise to a new idea or a modification of an existing abstract concept (Kolb, 1984:1) this is when a learner adjusts to new learning styles. Active Experimentation here the learner uses the knowledge acquired in the real world. Kolbs learning styles are therefore divided into four categories which are assimilators convergers, accommodators and diverges. Assimulators are learners that learn best using sound logical information An assimulator greatest strength lie in creating theoretical models Other strengths are understanding what they are working on this gives them a better direction to solve problems. Curious and enjoys problems this give them more knowledge as more questions are answered. Plans well in advance for exams this makes them more ready to tackle problems. Can organize facts and material well .However they have they have some weaknesses which includes the need of too much information before getting down to work, does not like to try new approaches ,not creative and keeps a number of problems to himself. Collects to much information. Convergers uses practical applications there need what is relevant to them .These one are more interested with facts and desire to go straight to the point. Can wor k well alone which makes them less dependent on others. Get things done in time this does not involves them in late submissions. Pays attention to detail .However there have a number of weaknesses which are Lack of imagination .Not very interested in presentation of your work. Believes that there is only one way of doing things. Does not like others ideas. Accommodators are those who want hands on experiences .Divergers are the one that learn best when they are allowed to observe and collect things from a wide range of collection these learners observe and collect. They have the following strengths unhurried that is there are more stable to situation like exams .Listens to others and shares idea this give them more ideas and different points of view. They are good at seeing the big picture. They can see long-term implications of things. They can see new ways of doing things and has creative solutions. They can multi-task .However they have the following weaknesses they forget the im portant details while understanding the big picture .Does not organize work well .Does not like work or revision timetables.Forgets to bring important books. Gregorc Learning Styles There are divided into three categories which are concrete random, concrete sequential, abstract sequential, abstract random. On concrete random according to Gregorc,They use their instincts and intuition when making decisions.(Gregorc)The learner is divergent ,experimental, inventive therefore the learner is much more involved in creating and acting and usefulness and application of learning .They have a lot of questions about what surrounds them .Concrete sequential efficient and well informed and the learner is more practical and active in making things work. According to Gregorc,They notice and recall details easily and remember facts ,specific information ,formulas, and rules with ease,(Gregorc)They do not rely more on others and hardworking and their work is consistent and has facts. Abstract sequential reflects on information and think about it. According to Grgorc,they prefer systematic processes and are thorough in their work,(Gregorc) .Abstract random is imaginative and ref lect on an previous experience, emotional and holistic .According to Grgorc,they prefer are very perceptive students ,(Gregorc)This one visualize and is intuitive when dealing with ideas . Chickering and Gamson From research there are seven learning styles which are visual, aural, verbal, physical, logical, social and solitary. According to ( Chickering and Gamson, 2012: 1 ) there is visual/spatial which prefer using pictures and spatial understanding That is one uses visual abilities to learn something for example understanding the demand law by seeing cartoons pictures or lecture videos however this is an disadvantage to the blind. For visual there are helpful tips like turning notes to pictures and making mind and concept maps Aural /auditory-musical is when one prefer using sound and music as a learning style One can learn from playing recorded sound tracks and the helpful tips are repeating materials out loud and in your own words .Verbal /linguistic :You prefer using words, both in speech and writing, These one understand more using their ears , logical(mathematical) prefer using logic, reasoning and systems these prefer facts not theories and they should be convergers Social (interpe rsonal): You prefer to learn in groups or with other people. Solitary (intrapersonal) prefer to work alone and use self-study. They enjoy independency. Richard M.Felder learning styles These learning styles are in seven categories which are active ,reflective ,sensing ,intuitive ,visual ,verbal and sequential learners .Active learners best understand by practising something which is active with it .For example discussion the in group works .They also like the idea of explaining to other learners and application of knowledge. Reflective learners are more independent and they prefer to figure out things alone than in groups. Sensing learners they like to solve problems and dealing with facts that connect to the real world. Intuitive are innovative and can easily get bored with repetitions .Visual learners they learn best using diagrams ,films and pictures. Verbal learners uses sound and audio and get more out of sound .Sequential learners they understand things step by step and easily gets confused well a step is missed or not understood well. Global learners like the big picture and collects large amounts of information without seeing the connections between them an d they get it later. Peter Honey and Mumford learning styles They divided learning styles into four categories which are activist, reflector, theorist and pragmatist. Activists like new ideas and experience and they enjoy to act first .They learn best when they work in team work and given challenges and like the idea of leading discussions a lot. They learn less in lectures, thinking on their own and writing. Reflectors like to use different perspectives and learn best by observing for example groups explanations. They learn less when they are leading a discussion .Theorists learn best when they are have clear understanding of a situation and when they are able to ask question to create ideas. Pragmatists they are curious about new things and learn best when give an example to copy .They learn less when there are no recognized benefits and when there are no guidelines Carl Jung learning styles These styles are divided into four learning styles which are extraverts, sensors, thinkers and judgers. He extraverts like to try ideas and thinks on the outer world of the people. Sensors are practical they love details and facts they are also known as intuitors. Thinkers make their choices based on logic and facts. Judgers works with targets. From a research I discovered that I am an accommodator with a number of weaknesses and strengths which I need to adjust. The weaknesses examples are as follows ;does not check work, prioritize well ,neglects subjects that does not interest and not good. My areas of strength like getting involved, working well with people, ask a lot of questions, enthusiastic A diverger is creative and good in seeing the big picture listen to other and share ideas but he or she forgets the important details while understanding the big picture, does not organise w By completing the graph I found that Iam an accommodator and on the positive side an accommodator is totally involved in something of interest for example if he has passion for Maths he or she is mostly likely to spend much of his or her time working out Maths problems, likes to take risk of his or her ideas this means that an accommodator is to much experimental for example writing an exam without being fully prepared. Has a lot of curiosity that as he or she asks a lot of questions and this the accommodator an advantage because as many questions come also means more answers.An accommodator works quickly and he or she is active this benefits a lot in exam time management. Has the capabilities of using senses well that is seeing, feeling and hearing .Which is an advantage if the person does not have any of the disability on senses .However of the other hand an accommodator has the following weaknesses like poor planning of work in advance this is a disadvantage as the accommodator is most likely not to get assignments properly done and does not pre-read before lectures, rarely checks work this leads to many errors in writing essays and assignments, does not understand the question but hurries to write for example answering a question wrongly because of assuming what the question wants this results in loss of marks . An accommodator has a poor time management for example attending lectures late ,forgetting assignments .D oes not prioritise well and easily get distracted with circumstances this diverts all attention to something of a lower priority for example concentrating more on reading books which does not relate to the actual subjects. This accounts for the accommodators failure By recognizing and understanding your own learning styles, you can use techniques better suited to you. This improves the speed and quality of your learning. This can be aided by practicing helpful tips like taking study breaks and physical exercises,

The Act of Sacrifice from Achilles and Gilgamesh Essay -- The Iliad Gr

The Act of Sacrifice from Achilles and Gilgamesh The act of sacrifice is a very important event in literature. Often, it can define and shape a character’s life and personality. The ancient texts discussed in class contain many diverse, yet equally meaningful examples of sacrifice. Even though these acts of sacrifice can occur for different reasons, each one has a similar purpose. The characters that perform such sacrifices are required to give up something they love, cherish or own in order to serve a greater purpose. Achilles from The Iliad must sacrifice his physical possessions to appease his gods. Gilgamesh is unwillingly forced to sacrifice his beloved brother. Cain from The Bible also forfeits material possessions, but he also gives up his own integrity, as well as eternal life in his Heaven. These sacrifices appear to differ in the severity of what is given up, but they are actually alike in the way each is used to accomplish certain goals. Achilles is an excellent example of one who performs sacrifice. In The Iliad, Achilles is a supreme and god-like warrior, but his many character flaws hold him from achieving his full potential. His rampant pride and unharnessed rage overtakes his other good qualities and causes him many hardships. Achilles hopes to reduce these flaws by sacrificing numerous possessions to the gods. He believes, as did most other Greeks of the time, that thee gifts would urge the gods to look favorably upon the givers. Objects, such as cows, pigs, and wine, were cooked in an extremely orderly manner. Any deviations from the proper method of offering the gifts would be seen as a sign of disrespect. Sacrifices are made to obtain or achieve something in the future. In the case of Achilles, his sacrifice was made in hope that the gods would control and possibly eliminate his rage and pride. Achilles’ gifts of animals and drink to the gods were viewed by the Ancient Greek public as normal, hon orable, and religious. Most citizens made some kind of offering to the gods, but the gifts were definitely not as lavish and extravagant as the offerings made by Achilles. Regardless of the sacrifice, the importance was found in how much the gift meant to the giver, and how often the gifts came to the gods. Like Achilles, Gilgamesh also made an extreme sacrifice in order to better himself and those around him. In Gilgamesh, the tit... ...necessary arrogance that stirred unrest in his people. After his sacrifice, he had known the joys of brotherhood, become wiser and humbler, and gained the respect of his people. The complete opposite of Gilgamesh’s case is Cain’s. He begins as a humble, faithful servant of God, and he is given a good job. But he makes inadequate sacrifices and compounds the problem by murdering his brother. At the end, he does not have his job, he has lost his loyal brother by his own hand, and most walk aimlessly across the earth for eternity. As can be seen, sacrifices take on many different shapes and forms. These sacrifices can be alike and different in many aspects, but they all are important in literature. Sacrifice molds the integrity and reputation of those making them, not only to the society in which they live, but also with the higher power that they worship. The sacrifices of Achilles, Gilgamesh, and Cain were all important in their respective cultures and were very influential in how these three will be looked upon throughout history. It is obvious that any sacrifice to be made must be carefully picked over and analyzed before it is enacted. Otherwise, one may wonder forever.

Beginning and Physical development in Infancy

Physical development of infants usually depends on their nutritional, hereditary and environmental factors. In some cases physical or psychological abnormalities after birth or during pregnancy also determines physical development of an infant. For a child to develop fully physically, he or she requires optimum nutritional requirements and healthy environment to grow in.During birth of a child, the infant has no ability to control their body movements and in this case most of the movements noticed are reflexes since their nervous system by this time is partially developed (Promin, 1986).Infants do not recognize objects which are far from them but by 6 months their visual ability develops fully and they can see distance objects. At around the age of four, most of the children have their muscles fully developed and they can sit and support themselves for quite a short time. Therefore, most of the physical development in infants takes place between births up to the age of 6 months where by the infant can be able to notice changes in the environment.Debate of nature versus nurture rotates around biological and environmental factors. The nature of this debate is argumentative because it is understood in the world of science today. Some people view behavioral origin of most infants as issues contributed by the environmental factors which they are brought up in. These are the natural aspect of behavior. Some other scientists argue that behavior portrayed by infants and children are as a result of hereditary factors that they acquire from the genes of their parents.Source of nurture can be understood by studying behavior of the way an infant grows physically in regard to the environment which he or she is being brought up in. Some people argue that physical and motor growth is usually controlled by an automatic natural process (UNEP, 2008). Both of these theories in regard to nurture and nature can be acknowledged through study of child psychology. Various studies and e xperiments have been carried out by psychologists and scientist so that they can establish the main cause of certain behaviors in children as they grow up.According to various studies carried out, early years of child development can be influenced by environmental situation which usually cause personalities, beliefs, attitude sexual preference and other behaviors which occur in children. For example, the environment that a child is brought up basically determines the behavior of that child; those children who are brought up by single parents are quite different in their behavior development from those who are brought up by both parents from when the child is an infant to the time the child reach Adolescent stage.The issue of step parenting also affects the development of a child greatly since there are those behavior that the child exhibits that the parent can not understand since they are hereditary and the step parent is not aware of them.. In most cases when children are brought up by step parents, the environment of the affected children can be altered. This brings about the issue of situational difference which can be traumatic to children’s life and therefore their lives have been hence influenced by upbringing.This has not been overshadowed by hereditary source of behavior since they will bear some behavioral characteristic of their original parents (Lamb et al. 2002). Traumatic child’s event as a, result of their up bringing and the genetic characteristics that they acquire from their parents have raised a lot of concern on sexual orientation of a child. These behaviors in most cases are caused by erratic situational difference which can result to inner conflict between environmental and hereditary factors. The issue of sexual orientation is least influenced by genetic factors since it is not governed by chromosomes or genes.Most of the sexual behaviors that children adopt are determined by their environmental upbringing. Some children ca n also develop varying behaviors even if they are brought up in the same environment. Many psychologists have tried to carry out various studies on relationship between parents and siblings, the way they grow and their behavior. For example, naughtiness in young children who are usually controlled on their naughty behavior by their mothers can be associated by the environmental cause of behavior as a result of poor methods of parenting.According to studies, this can not be true since some children can inherit these behaviors from parents instead of being taken as poor parenting techniques. Parents should be given credit less for a good outcome of behavior of their children or else they should not be blamed since the behavior can be as a result of genetic factor or hereditary factor. Therefore, one cannot determine exactly what has caused that behavior change in child. According to various arguments, children are usually born the same way but due to the environment that they are brou ght up in, they continues to grow according to the demands of nature.Some of the expressions such as temperaments can be associated with genetic factors. In disciplining the child, it is quite necessary for parent to determine which behavior is impacted by the environmental factor and the one which is as a result of upbringing of a child. Therefore nature versus nurture plays quite similar role in determining the behavior of a child during child’s development. Both environmental factors and hereditary factors contribute greatly to the behavior of a child and also physical growth of a child which encompasses even the general health of a child.Environmental raising and intelligence origin are mainly contributed by nurture and nature in formation of behavior by the child. In today’s world, after extensive research and other theories which support child’s development have been evaluated, it is true that nurture and nature contributes to the origin of child’s behavior characteristic. The quality of environment that a child is brought up in determines the survival rate of a child in early days of life. This determines child’s physical and mental growth.Children are always at risk of these environmental factors due to their immature organs, small physical size low metabolic rate, curiosity and behavior. Most of the global diseases are usually attributed by negative environmental factors such as air pollution, dirty water, poor sanitations and other aspect such as vector-transmitted diseases. Due to these aspects, there are a number of abnormalities which can be impacted by environmental factors. Environment influence can play a vital role in physical and mental development of a child.For example, Down syndrome is one of the mental conditions which are impacted to a child at early age due to environmental influence. During early days of a child, environment that a child is brought up in determines his/her future life. Children who ar e suffering from Down syndrome have low motivation of performing tasks. These can be contributed by environmental experiences of a child. This has been investigated by gauging the motivation of an infant to perform various tasks. In most cases, mystery of motivation is usually a intrinsic factor which is usually manifested in behavior of a child as he or she grows up.This shows the difference in mystery behavior of different individuals. All these behaviors are contributed by environmental factors. According to various studies, Down syndrome is reinforced and controlled by environmental factors since they greatly attribute to the behavior of an infant. Many researchers have tried to come up with any environmental factors which cause Down syndrome but they have not established any of them since it is believed that Down syndrome according to physiologist is a genetic disorder but it can rather be contributed by environmental set up.Down syndrome as a result of environmental factor can result to:- Input in material language and the general outcome of studies of language intervention. In studying these factors, one should identify various factors which facilitate language within the natural environment and then evaluate how the environment has manipulated language development of that individual. There are a number of risk factors which influences development of a child. Some of these factors in child’s development can be positively or negatively impacted by various aspects such as environmental factors.Genetic factors in most of the environmental set up are quite dynamic and therefore they keep on changing constantly over time. Genetic factors which children inherit from their parents can be developed or lost depending on the environmental background that they grow in. environmental factors can promote optimum development in infant. Some genetic factors such as temperament, Disease and brightness of infants can be impacted either positively or negatively by environment (Health School Environment, 2005). Temperament or behavior that a child exhibits is usually associated with parent.This should not always be true since environment that a child is brought up in. some behaviors that children exhibits such as abuse, bad eating habits and other petty behaviors can be attributed by the environmental upbringing of child, those children whom he/she relates with or the physical set up and behavior of most individuals in those areas. But some aspects such as temperament which a child can acquire from parent can be developed if the environment that he/she is brought up in is hostile and requires that form of behavior.On the other hand, if the environment that a child grows in is calm, this behavior is not portrayed in child as he/she grows up since he/she has not been able to exercise temperament form of behavior as they grow. Another genetic factor is acquisition of diseases from parent which are known to be hereditary. Depending on the environ mental background that a child is brought up in, the disease can either manifest itself or not. Some diseases such as Down syndrome which is usually hereditary can also be developed or controlled depending on the environmental set up that a child is brought up in.If the environment is friendly and interactive the child’s IQ can develop well and therefore the risk of child manifesting the symptoms of Down syndrome is reduced. In other cases, if the environmental set up is not friendly and the people who are involved in bringing up the child are not interactive, then the IQ of an infant will remain low and therefore the brain of the child will not develop as its required which makes the infant to show the symptoms of down syndrome.Therefore, the environmental setup which a child is brought up in can either help to positively or negatively in develop various hereditary characteristics that a child acquires from the parents. Pregnant women can give birth to physically, emotionall y and intellectually healthy babies depending on the environment and emotional aspect they carry their pregnancy through. When one is pregnant, she should ensure that exercise and healthy eating habits are enhanced so that the outcome of the pregnancy is a healthy baby in all the aspects.Emotional status of pregnant woman accounts a lot of the fitness of the baby in all the aspects of development such as physical, emotional or intellectual aspect. Good parenting begins the time one became pregnant. This is because the baby who is born, his mental, physical and intellectual capacity is determined by the status that the mother was in during the 9 months pregnancy period. Child’s growth can still develop after birth, whereby parents are held responsible for training their children during their development (Christian, 2006).Physical growth is maintained by proper diet and living in environment which is free from infections such as dusty environment which can cause allergic infect ions. Parents should ensure that their children are physically fit by taking necessary care and precautions needed to live a healthy life. Little effort is employed especially when a child is taken care of at early age since the child can be able to emulate the behaviors of the parent and other older siblings. Emotional and intellectual well being of a child can be enhanced in child’s early life by training the child on good behavior.As a good parent, one should initially understand the child well and find out the cause of behavior that the child portrays. To ensure that a child is emotionally fit, review of the behavior of that child is quite necessary since they will portray intellectual capability of a child in carrying out various tasks. Good parents usually discipline their children when they conduct themselves poorly. But before punishing a child parent should try and evaluate the cause of poor behavior whether is as a result of environmental influence or hereditary beh avior from either parent.Incase it is as a result of environmental influenced the child should be punished so that he or she cannot repeat it again. On the other hand, if the behavior is hereditary, child should be counseled accordingly by the parent on the ways to avoid such behavior in future. Therefore good parenting can be enhanced which finally result to raising up a family which is intellectually, physically and emotionally fit and therefore the growth of babies can be healthy. Motor skill development according to dynamic system theory.Parents should be involved in various activities with their children so that they can help them to develop their fine and gross motor skills. These skills can affect the child adversely if they are not developed. These skills help a child to perform well in various tasks such as academic and physical growth. Fine motor skills according to dynamics theory enable a child to manipulate objects and to write (Lamb, 2002). They take activities in such things as painting.This should be enhanced by exchanging brushes, carrying out puzzles which help to control finger movement, play dough, cutting and threading. Some of these activities are aimed at manipulating hands to help in developing their motor activities. Other motor skills such as gross motor skills helps in developing big motor skills, these activities involves activities such as jumping, running, climbing, hopping, skipping and other activities which helps the whole body movement. These activities develop the muscles of the body and legs.These skills only require a lot of coordination and development of balance. When children develop these motor skills, they can be able to carry on with various movement needed for their survival. Therefore, parents need to work with their children during their early ages in developing so that they can understand them as they grow and also to help to develop their skills effectively. Children development, health and their safety should be enhanced by the environmental aspect that they bring up children in.For parents to serve their children well, they must ensure that they work hand in hand with their families and in order to enhance this, they must understand their children before taking any action on them. Good development of the child depend entirely on nurturing the child the best way at early stages before they reach adolescent where they are uncontrollable. Reference: Lamb E. et al. (2002). Development in infancy: An introduction. United State: Lawrence Erlbaum Association. Christian L. , (2006).Understanding Families. Journal of National Association for Education for Young Children, Retrieved from: http://www. journal. naeyc. org/about/permissions. asp Promin M. , (1986), Development, Genetics and Psychology. United State: Lawrence Erlbaum Association. Health School Environment. (2005). Environmental Impact in School Setting. Retrieved from http://www. nasn. org/Default. aspx? tabid=293 UNEP, (2008) Children Environmental Health. Retrieved from; http://www. nyo. unep. org/ceht. htm